上海市新市民生育健康相关服务需求调查

周永立; 吴东单; 吴玉玲; 高扬; 施佳华; 沈秀峰; 单学群; 金玉凤; 唐琼

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2022.21278

摘要:

目的了解上海市新市民的生育史及生殖健康相关服务需求情况。

方法于2020年7—9月对上海市7个区36个调查点的1 358名新市民进行问卷调查，内容包括调查对象既往生育情况及人工流产情况，对生殖健康相关服务的需求情况，对上海市计划生育协会（以下简称“计生协”）的知晓和服务获得情况。

结果新市民本人、配偶或性伴侣中，怀孕次数（以下简称“孕次”）为1、2次分别占31.3%（374/1 194）、33.6%（401/1 194）；生产次数（以下简称“产次”）为1、2次分别占46.3%（553/1 194）、29.7%（355/1 194）。不同本地定居时间、不同本地户籍和居住证取得情况、不同来源地性质的新市民产次差异有统计学意义（χ²=158.664、50.263、16.011、114.419，均P<0.001）。36.1%的新市民本人、配偶或性伴侣人工流产至少1次；不同本地户籍取得情况的新市民人工流产次数差异有统计学意义（χ²=19.389，P<0.001）。新市民对人工流产危害健康的认同率为92.1%（1 100/1 194）；不同本地定居时间、不同居住证取得情况的新市民对人工流产危害健康的科学认知差异有统计学意义（χ²=36.590、20.926，均P<0.001）。新市民对上海市计生协知晓率为82.6%（986/1 194），服务获得率为51.3%（613/1 194），户籍和居住证是影响计生协会服务获得率的主要因素。44.8%（535/1 194）的新市民希望在居住地获得生殖健康服务，其中最为关注的是优生优育知识。

结论应进一步宣传“三孩政策”生育政策，倡导友好型生育文化，通过多部门共同协作为新市民提供与需求相适应的人性化、精准化生殖健康服务，提升其生殖健康水平。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the fertility history and demand for reproductive health services of new residents in Shanghai.

Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 358 new residents in 36 survey sites in 7 districts of Shanghai from July to September 2020. The content includes fertility history， induced abortion history， demand for reproductive health-related services， awareness rate of the Shanghai Family Planning Association and service access rate， etc.

Results Among the new residents themselves and their spouses/sexual partners， 31.3% （374/1 194） had been pregnant once and 33.6% （401/1 194） had been pregnant twice； 46.3% （533/1 194）had one child and 29.7% （355/1 194）had two children. The difference of number of births among new residents with different residence time， those who did or did not possess permanent residency or residence permits， and those from different sources （urban or rural） was statistically significant （χ²=158.664， 50.263， 16.011， 114.419， all P<0.001）. Among the new residents themselves and their spouses / sexual partners， the proportion of induced abortion of more than once was 36.1%. The difference of the number of abortions of new residents with or without permanent residency was statistically significant （χ²=19.389， P<0.001）. The awareness rate of new residents of the harm of induced abortion to health was 92.1% （1 100/1 194）； There were significant differences in the scientific knowledge of harm of induced abortion to health among new residents with different local residence time and those with or without a residence permit （χ²=36.590， 20.926， both P<0.001）. The awareness rate of the Family Planning Association was 82.6% （986/1 194）， and the service access rate was 51.3% （613/1 194）. Permanent residency and residence permits are the main factors that affect the service accessibility of the Shanghai Family Planning Association. 44.8% （535/1 194） of new residents hope to receive reproductive health services in their place of residence， and they are most concerned about knowledge on good prenatal and postnatal care.

Conclusion We should further publicize the "three-child" fertility policy， advocate a friendly fertility culture， and provide new residents with people-centered and accurate reproductive health services adapted to their needs through multi-sectoral cooperation， so as to improve their reproductive health level.

上海市新市民生育健康相关服务需求调查

Investigation on demand for reproductive health-related services of new residents in Shanghai