2023—2024年浙江省湖州市健康人群乙型脑炎病毒IgG抗体阳性水平

张超; 沈建勇; 刘艳; 刘小琦; 韩利萍

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2025.250266

2023—2024年浙江省湖州市健康人群乙型脑炎病毒IgG抗体阳性水平

Seroprevalence rates of Japanese encephalitis virus IgG antibodies among healthy individuals in Huzhou City， Zhejiang Province， 2023‒2024

摘要

摘要:
目的了解浙江省湖州市健康人群乙型脑炎病毒（JEV）IgG抗体水平，为制定JEV防控策略与措施提供科学依据。
方法采用横断面调查方法，于2023—2024年选择湖州市12个年龄组（<8月龄、8月龄~<2岁、2~岁、4~岁、6~岁、8~岁、10~岁、15~岁、20~岁、30~岁、40~岁、50~岁）健康人群血清样本检测JEV IgG抗体水平并分析阳性率。
结果湖州市健康人群JEV IgG抗体总阳性率为57.75%。<8月龄、8月龄~<2岁、2~岁、4~岁、6~岁、8~岁、10~岁、15~岁、20~岁、30~岁、40~岁和50~岁阳性率分别为10.14%、23.76%、77.31%、66.88%、73.87%、58.33%、41.67%、55.06%、47.00%、61.00%、62.00%和92.00%。不同年龄组JEV IgG抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ²=243.996，P<0.001）。男性和女性人群血清IgG抗体阳性率差异有统计学意义（χ²=9.999，P=0.002）。0剂次、1剂次和2剂次乙脑减毒活疫苗（JEV⁃L）免疫史人群抗体阳性率分别为4.76%（3/63）、27.27%（21/77）、72.33%（149/206），差异有统计学意义（χ²=108.568，P<0.001）；2剂次JEV⁃L免疫史人群在免疫后<1年、1年、2年、3~5年的抗体阳性率分别为80.85%、77.36%、66.67%和65.45%，抗体阳性率随免疫时间间隔的增加而降低（Z=-2.024，P=0.043）。
结论湖州市50~岁成人抗体水平较高，而2岁以下和8~<30岁人群偏低，并且抗体水平随免疫后时间延长而下降。建议在维持乙型脑炎疫苗常规接种的同时，探索8~<30岁人群加强免疫策略，以增强人群对JEV的免疫力。

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) IgG antibodies among the healthy individuals in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of prevention and control strategies for Japanese B encephalitis (JE).
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2023 to 2024. Serum samples were collected from healthy individuals across 12 age groups (<8 months, 8 months‒<2 years, 2‒<4 years, 4‒<6 years, 6‒<8 years, 8‒<10 years, 10‒<15 years, 15‒<20 years, 20‒<30 years, 30‒<40 years, 40‒<50 years, 50‒ years) and tested for JEV IgG antibody to determine positivity rates.
Results The overall JEV IgG antibody seroprevalence rate was 57.75 % among the healthy individuals in Huzhou City. The positivity rates for the age groups of <8 months, 8 months‒<2 years, 2‒<4 years, 4‒<6 years, 6‒<8 years, 8‒<10 years, 10‒<15 years, 15‒<20 years, 20‒<30 years, 30‒<40 years, 40‒<50 years, and 50‒ years were 10.14%, 23.76%, 77.31%, 66.88%, 73.87%, 58.33%, 41.67%, 55.06%, 47.00%, 61.00%, 62.00%, and 92.00%, respectively, with a statistically significant difference observed in different age groups (χ²=243.996, P<0.001). Seroprevalence rates also differed significantly between males and females (χ²=9.999, P=0.002). Among subjects vaccinated with 0,1 or 2 doses of live attenuated Japanese encephalitis virus vaccine (JEV-L), the IgG antibody seroprevalence rate was 4.76%, 27.27% and 72.33%, respectively (χ²=108.568, P<0.001). Within the 2 doses group, the IgG antibody seroprevalence rate at <1 year, 1 year, 2 years and 3‒5 years after immunization were 80.85%, 77.36%, 66.67% and 65.45%, respectively, indicating a declining trend with time increased since vaccination (Z=-2.024, P=0.043).
Conclusion Adults aged 50‒ years maintain high antibody levels, whereas levels are lower among the age groups of <2 years and 8‒<30 years and wane with time since vaccination in Huzhou City. It is recommended to maintain the routine JE vaccination schedule while exploring booster vaccination strategies for the age groups of 8‒<30 years, in order to enhance population immunity against JEV.

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