安徽省合肥市公交车驾驶员慢性疾病的现况调查

姜志文; 秦江峰; 卢康; 朱琦; 万佳丽

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2021.20623

摘要:

目的探讨合肥市公交车驾驶员的工作情况和工作强度对慢性疾病发生发展的影响。

方法采用方便抽样方法抽取380名公交车驾驶员为研究对象，对驾驶员的基本信息、工作强度、工作环境、工作习惯、生活习惯和身体健康状况进行问卷调查。

结果380名公交车驾驶员中，患病率最高的3种职业相关疾病分别是因工作环境如噪声、交通堵塞等产生的焦虑抑郁（70.79%，269/380），眼睛干涩、眼睛疲劳、视力模糊等（65.53%，249/380），颈椎、腰椎疼痛（63.16%，240/380）。出现胃肠道功能紊乱（肠易激综合征相关表现）的驾驶员占42.37%（161/380）。45.53%（173/380）的驾驶员曾患痔疮或肛裂。长期存在憋尿等情况的驾驶员更易患尿路感染（χ²=22.330，P<0.001）。每日工作时间越长，越容易出现眼睛干涩、眼睛疲劳、视力模糊等症状（χ²=11.682，P<0.01）。经常毫无休息的驾驶员更易发生腿部肿胀（χ²=16.642，P<0.05）。不同睡眠时长对焦虑抑郁情绪的产生有影响，差异有统计学意义（χ²=17.379，P<0.001）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，每日工作时长（h）为8~、10~、12~的驾驶员因工作环境产生的焦虑抑郁的发生率分别是每日工作时长（h）为6~驾驶员的4.080、2.583和2.484倍；偶尔和经常毫无休息连续开车的驾驶员因工作环境产生的焦虑抑郁的发生率分别是几乎毫无休息连续开车驾驶员的4.302倍和4.828倍。二分类logistic回归分析结果显示，有焦虑抑郁的驾驶员胃肠道功能紊乱（肠易激综合征相关表现）的发生率是无焦虑抑郁驾驶员的3.792倍（OR=3.792，95%CI为2.384~6.029，P<0.001）。

结论公交车驾驶员的部分工作环境、过高的工作强度、不良的生活和工作习惯以及精神问题与几种慢性疾病的发生发展有密切关系。

Abstract:

ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of working conditions on the occurrence and development of chronic diseases in bus drivers in Hefei.

MethodsA total of 380 bus drivers were selected by convenient sampling method. Their basic information， working intensity， working environment， working habits， living habits and physical health were investigated.

ResultsThe three most common occupational-related diseases were： 1） anxiety and depression caused by work environment such as noise and traffic jam （70.79%， 269/380）； 2） dry eyes， eye fatigue， blurred vision and so on （65.53%， 249/380）； 3） cervical and lumbar pain （63.16%， 240/380）. Gastrointestinal dysfunction （irritable bowel syndrome related symptoms） occurred in 42.37% （161/380） of the drivers and 45.53% （173/380） had suffered from hemorrhoids or anal fissure. Drivers with long-term suffocation were more likely to suffer from urinary tract infection （χ²=22.330， P<0.001）. The rate of subjective eye discomfort was higher in the drivers with long working hours （χ²=11.682， P<0.01）， and the rate of leg swelling was higher in the drivers with frequent driving without rest （χ²=16.642， P<0.05）. There was a significant difference in the rate of anxiety and depression between the divers with different sleep duration （χ²=17.379，P<0.001）. Results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of anxiety and depression was higher in drivers with longer working hours. In comparison with the group of over 6 working hours， the rate increased to 4.080 times in the group of over 8 working hours， 2.583 times in the group of over 10 working hours， and 2.484 times in the group of over 12 working hours， respectively. Occasional and frequent non-stop working drivers were 4.302 and 4.828 times， respectively， more likely to be anxious or depressed. Logistic regression analysis also showed that the incidence of gastrointestinal dysfunction （irritable bowel syndrome related symptoms） in drivers with anxiety and depression was 3.792 times higher than that in drivers without anxiety and depression （OR=3.792， 95% CI 2.384 to 6.029， P<0.001）.

ConclusionSome working environment， excessive working intensity， poor living and working habits， and mental problems are closely related to the occurrence and development of chronic diseases in bus drivers.

安徽省合肥市公交车驾驶员慢性疾病的现况调查

Prevalence of chronic diseases among bus drivers in Hefei， Anhui