上海市35岁及以上居民膳食模式对2型糖尿病患病的影响

钱孝琳; 吴菲; 浦震梅; 严青华; 程旻娜; 郭凤霞; 黎衍云

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19152

上海市35岁及以上居民膳食模式对2型糖尿病患病的影响

Effect of dietary patterns on type 2 diabetes among residents aged 35 and over in Shanghai

摘要

摘要:
目的了解上海市35岁及以上居民膳食模式对2型糖尿病患病情况的影响。
方法资料来自2013年上海市慢性病及行为危险因素监测结果，选择新确诊2型糖尿病居民和非糖尿病居民作为研究对象，采用因子分析法建立膳食模式，并应用logistic回归模型分析不同膳食模式对糖尿病患病情况的影响。
结果采用因子分析得到上海市35岁及以上居民有5种膳食模式：动植物蛋白模式、奶蛋果蔬模式、果汁饮料模式、高脂高盐模式和谷蔬猪肉模式，高脂高盐模式的糖尿病患病率最高。调整混杂因素后，用logistic回归分析比较谷蔬猪肉膳食模式与其它膳食模式的糖尿病患病风险，高脂高盐模式的患病风险更高(OR=1.307，95%CI:1.088~1.571)。
结论控油控盐、均衡的膳食模式对降低2型糖尿病患病风险有积极作用，应因地制宜地调整膳食结构和饮食习惯，预防和控制糖尿病的发生。

Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of dietary patterns on type 2 diabetes among residents aged 35 and over in Shanghai.
MethodsThe data was from Shanghai Chronic Disease Surveillance (2013).The research subjects included non-diabetic residents and those who were newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.Factor analysis was used to establish dietary patterns and the logistic regression model to analyze the effects of different dietary patterns on diabetes mellitus.
ResultsBy factor analysis the usual five patterns were obtained for residents aged 35 and over in Shanghai, which were as follows:animal & plant protein pattern, milk & egg & fruit & vegetable pattern, fruit juice pattern, high-fat & high-salt pattern and grain & vegetable & pork pattern.The prevalence of diabetes was the highest in high-fat & high-salt pattern.After adjusting confounding factors, logistic regression analysis was used to compare the risk of diabetes mellitus between grain & vegetable & pork pattern and other dietary patterns, and the high-fat and high-salt pattern was proved to have a higher risk(OR=1.307, 95%CI:1.088~1.571).
ConclusionRestricting salt and oil and balancing diet may play a role in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes.The dietary structure and eating habits should be adjusted according to local conditions to prevent and control the occurrence of diabetes.

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