王倩, 陈丽剑, 李正强, 李德俊, 廖洁. 20162020年重庆市大足区疑似预防接种异常反应监测[J]. 上海预防医学, 2022, 34(4): 357-361. DOI: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2022.21508
引用本文: 王倩, 陈丽剑, 李正强, 李德俊, 廖洁. 20162020年重庆市大足区疑似预防接种异常反应监测[J]. 上海预防医学, 2022, 34(4): 357-361. DOI: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2022.21508
WANG Qian, CHEN Lijian, LI Zhengqiang, LI Dejun, LIAO Jie. Surveillance on the adverse events following immunization in Dazu District of Chongqing20162020[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2022, 34(4): 357-361. DOI: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2022.21508
Citation: WANG Qian, CHEN Lijian, LI Zhengqiang, LI Dejun, LIAO Jie. Surveillance on the adverse events following immunization in Dazu District of Chongqing20162020[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2022, 34(4): 357-361. DOI: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2022.21508

20162020年重庆市大足区疑似预防接种异常反应监测

Surveillance on the adverse events following immunization in Dazu District of Chongqing20162020

  • 摘要:
    目的 分析2016—2020年重庆市大足区疑似预防接种异常反应(AEFI)发生特征,评价监测系统运转情况,为疫苗安全性评价提供依据。
    方法 对AEFI监测系统收集的个案数据和接种数据进行描述性流行病学分析,计算疫苗AEFI报告发生率和病例报告覆盖率。
    结果 重庆市大足区2016—2020年报告AEFI病例319例,报告发生率为24.64/10万剂,48 h及时报告率为94.04%,48 h及时调查率为98.41%,个案调查表完整率为100.00%,AEFI分类率为99.69%;男女比为1.28∶1,年龄≤1岁病例最多,占64.26%(205/319),4—9月病例报告数最多,占68.97%(220/319),0 d~报告的病例数占89.34%(285/319),各时间段和接种到发生的间隔时间在报告发生率上差异有统计学意义(χ2=32.481,P<0.05;χ2=961.408,P<0.05)。街镇报告覆盖率100.00%,非严重AEFI病例占98.43%(314/319)以上,无死亡病例;发热、红肿、硬结等一般反应占80.56%(257/319),异常反应占15.99%(51/319)。国家免疫规划疫苗报告发生率前3位的是百白破(无细胞)、麻风和白破疫苗,异常反应临床诊断主要是过敏性皮疹。
    结论 重庆市大足区AEFI监测信息系统运行良好,监测质量较高,疫苗使用总体安全,应持续贯彻免疫策略,同时多途径提高AEFI监测的敏感性。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To determine the incidence and characteristics of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) in 2016‒2020 in Dazu District of Chongqing, and evaluate the AEFI surveillance information system and provide scientific evidence for vaccine safety.
    Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was performed on the cases collected by the AEFI surveillance system. Incidence and coverage of AEFI were then presented.
    Results A total of 319 AEFI cases were reported in 2016‒2020. Reported incidence of AEFI was determined to be 24.64/105 doses. The proportion of timely reporting AEFI within 48 hours was 94.04% and that of timely investigation within 48 hours was 98.41%. The proportion of completing the AEFI survey was 100.00% and that of AEFI classification was 99.69%. The male to female ratio was 1.28∶1. Majority of the AEFI cases were less than 1 year old (64.26%, 205/319), from April to September (68.97%, 220/319), and reported at 0‒1 day post-immunization (89.34%, 285/319). Moreover, the reported incidence differed significantly between time periods (χ2=32.481, P<0.05) and time intervals from vaccination to occurrence of AEFI (χ2=961.408, P<0.05). Coverage of reporting AEFI at county level reached 100%. In addition, non-severe AEFI cases accounted for 98.43% (314/319) and no death case was reported. General events, such as fever, redness, and scleroma, accounted for 80.56% (257/319), whereas rare adverse events accounted for 15.99% (51/319). The reported incidence of NIP vaccines was highest in the diphtheria tetanus acellular pertussis combined vaccine, followed by measles and rubella combined attenuated vaccine and diphtheria tetanus combined vaccine. Clinical diagnosis of rare adverse events was mainly allergic rashes.
    Conclusion The AEFI surveillance information system in Dazu District of Chongqing achieves efficient monitoring of AEFI. It has proven that the vaccines are generally safe and immunization strategies may be continuously implemented. Furthermore, the sensitivity of AEFI surveillance should be improved through multiple approaches.

     

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