Abstract: Objective To understand the current status of health literacy among Shanghai residents, and to provide information for developing health policy and health education intervention strategies. Methods During 2008-2015, residents of 15-69 years old in Shanghai were investigated, with multi-stage stratified random sampling method. Results Annual increase of health literacy among Shanghai residents of 15-69 years old was witnessed, i.e. 21.94% in 2015, an increase of 14.97% compared with that in 2008. Among three aspects of health literacy, the level of basic health concept and knowledge, and the level of health related skills were higher than the level of health lifestyle and behaviors. Among six types of health issues, except for infectious disease prevention and health information, the health literacy level of other four health issues were improved significantly. During the past eight years, the health literacy level of all types of people improved. However, the health literacy level among residents in rural area or with low education level was lower than other groups, and was increasing with slower pace. Conclusion The intervention of health literacy gains obvious benefits, however, intensive intervention is required for residents with lower health literacy.