ObjectiveTo determine the proportion of tobacco smoking and tobacco dependence among residents in Changning District of Shanghai， and provide scientific evidence for future intervention.

MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 760 residents over 15 years old in Changning District， covering smoking behavior， tobacco dependence and smoking relapse. Chi-square test was used to compare the proportions of smoking-related behavior among different groups， and logistic regression model was used to determine the risk factors.

ResultsSmoking proportion among residents over 15 years old in Changning District was determined to be 17.0%（299/1 760）， which was 35.8% （285/795） for males and 1.5% （14/965） for females. The smoking proportion was significantly higher in the residents being male， older， with less education and underlying diseases （P<0.05）. The residents "knowing the hazard of smoking but remaining smoking" was the most serious tobacco dependence， which was determined to be 85.3% （255/299） among the smokers. The most common symptom leading to smoking relapse was "impulse to smoking " （61.1%，138/226）. Among them， "smoking impulse"（χ²=8.512，P=0.004）， " restlessness "（χ²=4.000，P=0.045）， and "depression" （χ²=6.328，P=0.010） are the three symptoms which had an effect on whether the smokers relapsed.

ConclusionThe smoking rate in Changning District of Shanghai is lower than the national and local average. Tobacco dependence mainly focuses on awareness and attitude. Intervention should focus on the key population with high smoking rate. We should correct the severe tobacco dependence， intervene the main adverse symptoms， and guide smoking cessation. In addition， we should provide more accurate and effectives smoking cessation services based on health communication.