Abstract: When facing two or more choices， sound decision-making is critical. In the field of clinical medical practice and public health， more and more researchers use decision-making analysis as an important tool to assist in making the optimal choices. Public health emergencies have the characteristics of group cases， sudden and uncertain. In addition to causing serious damage to public health， they may also have varying degrees of impact on socio-economic， psychological and even social stability. At present， we have not seen the application of mature and sound decision analysis in public health emergency response. This paper reviewed the development of decision analysis in the medical field and the application of common decision-making models in clinical practice. Combined with the current situation of global infectious disease outbreaks and prevention and control， this paper puts forward the concepts and prospects of establishing an auxiliary decision-making system for public health emergencies， aiming to provide a scientific method for medical and health workers to respond to public health emergencies.