Abstract: Objective To detect cellular immunity status of hepatitis B vaccine immunized population and explore influence factors in anti-HBs declined group. Methods By multi-stage randomized sampling method we selected 600 immunized cases from Luwan and Songjiang districts, of which 293 cases with anti-HBs lower than 10 mIU/mL were as anti-HBs declined group and 307 cases with anti-HBs higher than 10 mIU/mL as control.Then we used multivariate unconditional Logistic regression to analyze the database.We selected 30 cases from anti-HBs declined group and 30 cases from control whose sex and age were the same with those of anti-HBs declined group.Then we detected their cytokine interferon-gamma and IL-4. Results Multivariate unconditional Logistic regressive analysis showed that immune years (OR=2.01) dentistry treatment (OR=1.55) and marriage (OR=13.17) were influence factors in anti-HBs declined group.Cytokine detection showed IFN-γ positive percentage and IL-4 positive percentage of experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group. Conclusion Cellular immunity to eliminate HBV may be as weak as humoral immunity in anti-HBs declined population.Therefore, we should carry out enhanced immunization program as focus to prevent and control hepatitis B in future in Shanghai.