Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between children's adaptation to kindergarten and their temperament type. Methods Initial survey:A self-made questionnaire was used to collect the relevant information.After that,a behavior screening questionnaire (BSQ) for 3 to 7 year old children was applied to assess the temperament type of those who were new to the kindergarten.Longitudinal study:Changes in children's behavior in the kindergarten and at home were recorded by using a self-made observation sheet in order to know their adaption situation.All participants were followed up 5 weeks. Results Inadaptation to kindergarten was found to be obvious among children who were new to the kindergarten and the time needed for their adaption was one month.Adaption to kindergarten in children with positive temperament was much better than those with negative temperament (P<0.05). Conclusion The temperament type of children is correlated to their kindergarten adaption.