Abstract: Objective To characterize the priorities in work and management strategy of public health based on the characteristics of population changes in Baoshan District.Methods Characteristics of population changes were summarized by analyzing the archives of the 5th and 6th census in 2000 and 2010 of Baoshan District.Results The past decade had witnessed an increase in the population of Baoshan District, including increased residents in Baoshan District, from other districts or other provinces. The elders aged 60 and over constituted 22.12% of the whole population in Baoshan District, 3.59% of them being unable to take care of themselves.The rate of population from other districts in Shanghai living in Baoshan Dsitrict had increased by 112.95%, who were mainly in Dachang, Gucun, Zhangmiao, Gaojing, and Songnan, with their occupation structure and household sanitation facilities similar to those of people originally living in Baoshan District.The increase of residents from other provinces ranked top,namely by 137.61%,accounting for 40.22% of the total population.Local people were outnumbered by people from outside of Shanghai in more than half of the towns affiliated to Baoshan District,mainly in Dachang,Yanghang,and Gucun.However,the rate of outside people who drank tap water,owned independent kitchen,toilet and shower facilities were far lower than that of people from Baoshan District and other districts alike.The majority of the outside people were young,mainly from Anhui and Jiangsu Province,mostly engaged in operating production and transportation equipment or providing commercial services.Conclusion The major public health problem of the local people was chronic disease, so public health services management should focus on the prevention and control of chronic diseases. And the public health services management of the people from other districts in Shanghai could refer to that of local people.In contrast,the main public health problem of people from outside of Shanghai was infectious disease.Additionally,due attention is supposed to be paid to the occupation disease.With this,the public health services management should focus on the prevention and control of infectious disease and occupation disease.