- 2019, 31(6)
- Competent unit: Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning
- Sponsors by:
- Establishment Time: 1989, monthly
- CSSN： ISSN 1004-9231 CN 31-1635/R
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2019, 31(6): I-Ⅳ.
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Abstract:
. CONTENTS IN BRIEF[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): I-Ⅳ.
2019, 31(6): 423-426.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19471
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Abstract:
In recent years, more and more attentions were focused on food safety with the development of economy and improvement of living standards.Food safety regulatory model changed because of a new institutional reform of the government.Coordination and comprehensiveness were strengthened in the new regulatory reform, however a new challenge of specialty in food safety field comes out.As the technical support of food safety, food inspection and detection system should be updated in order to adapt to food safety regulatory reform, which is a new challenge.In this article, the problem of food inspection and detection system is studied in new food safety regulatory reform, and corresponding solutions are analyzed.
In recent years, more and more attentions were focused on food safety with the development of economy and improvement of living standards.Food safety regulatory model changed because of a new institutional reform of the government.Coordination and comprehensiveness were strengthened in the new regulatory reform, however a new challenge of specialty in food safety field comes out.As the technical support of food safety, food inspection and detection system should be updated in order to adapt to food safety regulatory reform, which is a new challenge.In this article, the problem of food inspection and detection system is studied in new food safety regulatory reform, and corresponding solutions are analyzed.
ZHANG Ju-zhou. Food inspection and detection system in new regulatory time:Its current situation and countermeasure analysis[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 423-426. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19471.
2019, 31(6): 427-431.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19475
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo establish a method for determination of N-dimethylnitrosamine in food by steam distillation-liquid chromatography-atmospheric chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS/MS). MethodsThe sample spiked with isotope internal standard was processed by improved steam distillation method, and the distillate extracted by dichloromethane.After adding 1 mL of water, the extract was concentrated to no dichloromethane by vacuum rotary evaporator (water bath temperature 35℃, vacuum 50 kPa).The concentrate was determined by LC-APCI-MS/MS.The residue was separated on a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (2.7 μm, 4.6 mm×100 mm) with the mobile of methanol-water system, then was monitored by positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and quantified by internal Standard. ResultsThe calibration relations showed good linearity between 5 and 500 ng/mL.Recoveries at 0.15, 0.5 and 10 μg/kg were within 80%-110% with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 7%.The detection concentration was 0.1 μg/kg.NDMA was not detected in 30 batches of meat products, but detected in 19 out of 30 batches of smoked and roasted fish fillets with content ranging from 0.38 μg/kg to 15.7 μg/kg.The content of NDMA in two batches of samples (8.45 μg/kg and 15.7 μg/kg, respectively) exceeded the limits of NDMA in Chinese GB 2762 (4.0 μg/kg). ConclusionThe method in this study is sensitive, accurate, and suitable for the determination of N-dimethylnitrosamine in food.
JIAN Long-hai, HAN Jing, ZHENG Rong, WANG Ke. Determination of N-dimethylnitrosamine in food by liquid chromatography-atmospheric chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 427-431. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19475.
FENG Rui,
HU Qing,
SUN Jian,
YU Hong,
ZHANG Su,
ZHANG Jing-xian,
SHEN Ying-ying,
ZHU Yan-rong,
WANG Ke,
JI Shen
2019, 31(6): 432-438.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19479
Abstract:
ObjectiveAn analytical method was developed for the determination of 30 digestive system drugs in foods and dietary supplements by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ-MS). MethodsA Waters CORTECS T3 column (100 mm ×2.1 mm, 2.7 μm) was used with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as mobile phases by gradient elution for separation of 30 compounds.All the compounds were detected by electrospray ion souce in positive mode with multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode. ResultsThe calibration curves showed good linearities for the 30 compounds during the range of 1-10 μg/L.The correlation coefficients of the standard calibration curves for the 30 compounds were all above 0.99.The recoveries of the drugs at spiked levels of limits of quantitation (LOQs), double LOQs, ten times of LOQs were at the range of 80.1%~116.6% with the RSDs between 0.7% and 8.8% (n=6), except for the 5 compounds such as mesalazine with strong matrix effects.The LODs were 25 μg/kg for the 30 compounds. ConclusionThe method proves to be sensitive and accurate for the determination of the digestive system drugs.This method fills the gap of the determination of the digestive system drugs, which strikes illegal adulteration behavior effectively.
FENG Rui, HU Qing, SUN Jian, YU Hong, ZHANG Su, ZHANG Jing-xian, SHEN Ying-ying, ZHU Yan-rong, WANG Ke, JI Shen. Determination of 30 illegally added drugs of disgestive regulation in foods by UHPLC-QQQ-MS[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 432-438. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19479.
2019, 31(6): 439-442.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19469
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo establish uncertainty evaluation for the determination of diallyl phthalate in jellies by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), thus obtaining accurate results. MethodsA mathematical model was established and sources of uncertainty during the analysis process that might be introduced were analyzed and quantified.The expanded uncertainty was also calculated. ResultsWhen the diallyl phthalate content in jellies was 0.941 2 mg/kg, the expanded uncertainty of measurement results was 0.051 2 mg/kg(K=2, P=95%). ConclusionIn this paper, the main sources of measurement uncertainty are methanol standard solution, standard curve fitting and sample preparation.
ZHAO Yan. Uncertainty evaluation in determination of diallyl phthalate in jellies by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 439-442. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19469.
LIU Xiao-hong,
ZHOU Xiao-feng,
CHEN Wei-hua,
JIA Fu-huai,
ZHANG Mei-ru,
CHEN Jing-si,
WU Min,
CHEN Bo,
LI Shu-guang
2019, 31(6): 443-447.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19424
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between type 2 diabetes and phthalates in urine and its metabolites in middle and old age people in Shanghai. MethodsThe subjects in the case group were selected from a community in shanghai who registered in a health management file with history of diagnosed diabetes for >3 months and at the age of 50 years or older but without serious heart and kidney diseases.The healthy subjects in the control group were from 2 642 residents in the "Shanghai Food Consumption Survey" project conducted by Fudan University School of Public Health from 2012 to 2014.The candidates were 50 years of age or older, no diabetes, and no serious heart, kidney and other diseases.The case group and the control group were paired by age and sex, and then the differences in urinary phthalate metabolites between case group and control group were statistically analyzed. ResultsThe metabolic concentrations of phthalates in urine except MBzP and MCMHP proved to be significantly correlated with diabetes (P < 0.05), and are risk factors for diabetes (OR>1).The odds ratio (OR) of MMP was 1.099 (1.069, 1.130)(P < 0.01), OR of MEP was 1.013(1.009, 1.017)(P < 0.01), OR of MiBP was 1.066(1.016, 1.119)(P < 0.01), OR of MnBP was 1.034 (1.021, 1.047)(P < 0.01), OR of MEHP was 1.006 (1.002, 1.010)(P < 0.01), OR of MEOHP was 1.074 (1.049, 1.099)(P < 0.01), OR of MECPP was 1.013(1.006, 1.020)(P < 0.01), OR of MEHHP was 1.015(1.008, 1.022)(P < 0.01). ConclusionIt is found there may be some associations between exposure to phthalates and type 2 diabetes in middle and old age.
LIU Xiao-hong, ZHOU Xiao-feng, CHEN Wei-hua, JIA Fu-huai, ZHANG Mei-ru, CHEN Jing-si, WU Min, CHEN Bo, LI Shu-guang. Association between exposure to phthalates and type 2 diabetes in middle and old age[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 443-447. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19424.
2019, 31(6): 448-450, 456.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19476
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate lead, total arsenic, total mercury and chromium residues levels and potential health risks of Chinese medicine health food in Shanghai. MethodsThe exposure assessment on lead, total arsenic, total mercury and chromium residues of Chinese medicine health foods was performed by point assessment approach, analysis of monitoring program and daily recommended dosage in the label of outpackaging of health food. ResultsIt was shown that two of 200 Chinese medicinal health food samples exceeded the standards requirement of heavy metal residues, and the qualified rate of the detected samples was 99.0%.The detection rates of lead, total arsenic and chromium in samples were all over 70%.With Shanghai residents, the mean and high end value P95 of weekly expodure to heavy metal chromium through intake of Chinese medicinal health foods were 0.000 5 mg/(kg·bw) and 0.001 3 mg/(kg·bw), accounting for 7.26% and 19.59% of provisional weekly tolerable intake [PTWI, 0.006 7 mg/(kg·bw)], respectively. ConclusionThe level of heavy metal residues of Chinese medicine health foods in Shanghai is overall in good condition.The safety risk of Chinese medicine health foods is low, if it is properly taken according to recommended daily dosage in the label of outpackaging.
TONG Ren-ping, FAN Chen-yue, PAN Ying. Detection and exposure assessment of lead, total arsenic, total mercury and chromium residues in Chinese medicine health foods in Shanghai[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 448-450, 456. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19476.
2019, 31(6): 451-456.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19411
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate heavy metal contamination situation of grains in Qingpu, evaluating the health risks of heavy metals intake from grains consumption. MethodsA total of 342 grain samples were collected in Qingpu using random sampling method, and the contents of Pb, Cd, Hg detected.Then the single factor pollution index and Nemerow multi-factor index were used to evaluate the levels of heavy metals in grains.In addition, combined with the data on dietary consumption in residents of Shanghai during 2012－2013, the dietary risk and carcinogenic risk of heavy metals were evaluated by USEPA health risk assessment model. ResultsThe mean contents of Pb, Cd, Hg in grains were 0.0197, 0.0081, 0.0025 mg/kg, respectively.In addition, the single factor contamination indexes and the Nemerow multi-factor indexes of heavy metals in 3 kinds of grains were found to be less than 0.7, which indicated that the pollution status of heavy metals were at the level of safety.The average daily intake of Pb, Cd, Hg from grains were estimated to be 0.044 2, 0.012 1 and 0.068 7 μg/kg, accounting for 5.31%, 2.12% and 1.92% of PTWI(provisional tolerable weekly intake); and the higher daily intake (P95) were estimated to be 0.085 3, 0.023 7 and 0.141 9 μg/kg, accounting for 10.24%, 4.14% and 3.97% of PTWI.The average and higher individual health risk of heavy metal pollution were both 10－6/a, less than the standard of ICRP(5.0×10－5/a).The average and higher LIE caused by the heavy metals was 20.22 min and 38.99 min. ConclusionDietary exposure of heavy metal in grains is in a safety level in Qingpu District.
WU Li-zhu, GAO Hong-mei, MA Ying. Lead, cadmium and mercury pollution and health risk assessment for main marketed grain and its products in Qingpu District of Shanghai[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 451-456. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19411.
PENG Hui,
LIU Wan-wan,
SUN Si-fei,
DONG Yu-ting,
ZHANG Qin,
ZHU Yan-hong,
YUAN Hong,
SHAO Yue-qin,
PENG Qian
2019, 31(6): 457-460, 465.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19332
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ObjectiveTo ascertain the current situation and usage changes of iodized salt in Jiading District of Shanghai from 2008 to 2018, and provide decision-making basis for adjusting corresponding intervention measures. MethodsA total of 3 795 household salt samples were taken for salt iodine monitoring according to the "Shanghai Iodized Salt Monitoring Implementation Plan" from 2008 to 2018;the annual change percentage of the main indicators was calculated and the Joinpoint software used to analyze the trend. ResultsFrom 2008 to 2018 in Jiading District, the non-iodized salt rate, iodized salt coverage rate, iodized salt pass rate and qualified iodized salt consumption rate were 10.78%, 89.22%, 83.05% and 74.10%.The non-iodized salt rate from 2008 to 2018 and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate from 2008 to 2011 were without obvious change trend(P>0.05).The iodized salt coverage rate, the iodized salt qualified rate and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate in 2012-2018 decreased statistically (P < 0.05). ConclusionThe iodized salt coverage rate and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate of Jiading District of Shanghai show a downward trend in 2008-2018.The government should continue to adhere to the policy of salt iodization, strengthen the management of unqualified iodized salt.
PENG Hui, LIU Wan-wan, SUN Si-fei, DONG Yu-ting, ZHANG Qin, ZHU Yan-hong, YUAN Hong, SHAO Yue-qin, PENG Qian. Trend analysis on iodized salt monitoring results in Jiading District of Shanghai from 2008 to 2018[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 457-460, 465. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19332.
2019, 31(6): 461-465.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19478
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate the contamination situation, molecular diversity and virulence gene distribution of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from market fresh meat, providing basis for its prevention and control. MethodsS.aureus strains were isolated and identified according to GB 4789.10—2016.MLST(multilocus sequence typing) method was used for genotyping these isolates, and the distribution of 11 toxin genes were tested by PCR. ResultsA total of 56 S.aureus-positive samples (30.1%) were found out of 148 samples from market fresh meat, and finally 56 strains were isolated.MLST results showed that these strains could be typed into 11 different sequence types (STs).Among them ST7 (28.6%) was dominant, and followed by ST188 (23.2%), ST1 (8.93%) and ST88 (8.93%).Six toxin genes were detected in 27 strains (48.2%), in which the most frequent toxin gene was pvl gene (26.8%), followed by enterotoxin genes sec (12.5%), seh (10.7%), sea (7.1%) and sed (5.4%). ConclusionS.aureus has a high pollution rate in raw meat commodities.The high genetic diversity of the strains implies multiple sources of contamination.The toxin genes associated with food poisoning and clinical infection show a high distribution proportion.The monitoring of S.aureus in market fresh meat should be strengthened.
SONG Ming-hui, QIN Feng, LIU Hao, YANG Mei-cheng. Genotyping and toxin gene detection of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from market fresh meat[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 461-465. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19478.
2019, 31(6): 466-468, 478.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19233
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ObjectiveTo investigate a food poisoning incident caused by spoiled black fungus and to find out the cause of poisoning. MethodsThe field epidemiological investigation was carried out, and the suspected food and blood of patients were collected for laboratory detection. ResultsThis incident took place in a family, and one person was dead with three people exposed.Rice ferment acid toxin were found in the blood of two people. ConclusionThis food poisoning incident was caused by spoiled black fungus which was polluted by pseudomonas cocovenenans subspfarinofermentans.Public education should be strengthened to develop healthy and safe eating habits and to prevent similar events.
SHENTU Ping-ping, ZHU Jia-hui, XU Xiao-min, LÜ Gong-jin, WANG Cui-rong, TAO Zhen-yang. A food poisoning incident caused by pseudomonas cocovenenans subspfarinofermentans[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 466-468, 478. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19233.
2019, 31(6): 469-472.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.18729
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo find out the main causes of a food-poisoning incident and provide the basis for the control and prevention in this regard. MethodsEpidemiological investigation, statistical analysis of data, and laboratory testing were carried out for the incident. ResultsA total of 60 cases were reported.The median incubation period was 70 minutes, and the main clinical manifestations were vomit, nausea, abdominal distention, headache and abdominal pain.There was statistical significance in the pathogenesis by eating fried kidney beans (χ2=20.0, P < 0.001), and there was a dose-response relationship between food intake and morbidity (trend χ2=10.87, P < 0.001).Saponin toxin was detected in all samples of the fried kidney beans and vomitus from patients. ConclusionSaponin toxins in undercooked kidney bean are the cause of the food poisoning incident.
ZHENG Jian-jun, ZHANG Hui-li, YE Xiao-hong, QIU Zai-ping, TANG Yu-ming, XIANG Hui, FANG Ming-yuan. Case-control study on a food poisoning caused by saponin toxin of kidney bean[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 469-472. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.18729.
2019, 31(6): 473-478.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19420
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ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of fatty liver disease (FLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults from Shanghai suburb area, and to explore the risk factors of FLD and MetS. MethodsAdults aged 20~74 years old from a community of Shanghai Songjiang district were invited to take medical examination, B-ultrasonography, clinical blood test and questionnaire investigation.FLD was diagnosed based on ultrasound image, and MetS diagnosed based on the physical examination and blood test according to criteria from the Modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (mATPⅢ 2005).The data thus obtained were used to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of FLD and MetS. ResultsAmong the 6 608 participants being investigated, the prevalence of FLD was 38.29% (males 31.29%, females 42.67%, P < 0.001), and the prevalence of MetS was 36.40% (males 32.94%, females 38.56%, P < 0.001).FLD and MetS were more prevalent in females and participants having higher age, overweight or obesity, and having the history of high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidemia.Better education and underweight were the protective factors of FLD and MetS.The FLD was the risk factor of MetS, and vice versa. ConclusionThe prevalence of FLD in Songjiang district of Shanghai is higher than that in the data from literature, and the prevalence of MetS is maintains at the high level.High concern needs to be raised because of the high prevalence of FLD and MetS.
ZHUANG Li-yan, LI Jing, ZHU Hui-ying, YANG Qiong, WANG Ying-quan, CHEN Bo, ZHAO Gen-ming. Fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in adults from Shanghai suburb area: Prevalence and risk factors[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 473-478. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19420.
GU Min-min,
ZHANG Yi-ying,
GAO Xue-qin,
YUAN Hong,
ZHANG Jin-yu,
ZHAO Hong-xia,
MAO Lin-qi,
LV Jun,
LI Xiao-hong
2019, 31(6): 479-483.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19244
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo compare and analyze the diabetes-related knowledge among the type 2 diabetes patients, family members and general residents of a community in Jiading District of Shanghai, providing a basis for optimizing community diabetes health management services. MethodsFrom November to December 2017, through multi-stage sampling, a face-to-face survey was conducted among residents aged 35 or more in Jiading District.The questionnaires included general information, health status, and knowledge about diabetes and so on. ResultsA total of 1 091 residents were investigated, and 1 088 valid questionnaires obtained.The knowledge rate of diabetes prevention and treatment was 51.4%.The awareness rates of the three groups were patients (71.0%), patients′ family members (60.2%), and general residents (45.9%), with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).The awareness rates of the four knowledge points were as follows typical symptoms (70.0%), risk factors (62.2%), complications (64.7%), and control measures (75.0%), with statistically significant differences (P < 0.01).The knowledge rate of diabetes prevention and treatment was higher in Shanghainese than in non-Shanghainese, and with the increase of education level and family per capita monthly income level, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).Patients′ knowledge of diabetes prevention and treatment was not affected by factors such as gender, education level, household registration and family per capita monthly income.Patients′ family members in their knowledge may be affected by factors such as gender and education level, while general residents by gender, household registration, education level and family per capita monthly income. ConclusionThe popularization should be strengthened of knowledge of diabetes risk factors, and attention given to the low-income and low-educated non-Shanghainese male population.At the same time, the family members of the patients should be actively given health education of diabetes prevention and treatment knowledge.
GU Min-min, ZHANG Yi-ying, GAO Xue-qin, YUAN Hong, ZHANG Jin-yu, ZHAO Hong-xia, MAO Lin-qi, LV Jun, LI Xiao-hong. Diabetes-related knowledge awareness compared in type 2 diabetes patients and residents in a community of Shanghai[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 479-483. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19244.
2019, 31(6): 484-489.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19487
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo describe the patterns of incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in Shanghai during 2011-2015, and to provide reference for prevention and control strategies on colorectal cancer and comprehensive evaluation of screening program. MethodsThe data on colorectal cancer cases were collected from the Shanghai Cancer Registry.The distributions of incidences and mortality during 2011-2015 were described.The patterns were analyzed according to gender, age, basis of diagnosis, histological type, diagnostic stage in detail. ResultsA total of 8 508 new cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed on average per year during 2011-2015, accounting for 12.85% of all cancers; the incidence was 59.54/105, and the ASR 24.68/105.The average annual deaths due to colorectal cancer were 4 612, accounting for 12.18% of all cancers.The mortality was 32.28/105, and the ASR 11.22/105.The proportion of colon cancer in new cases was higher than that of rectal cancer.The histologically verified rate was 85.95%, the percentage of early stage being 8.11% in newly diagnosed cases (unknown stage cases were included). ConclusionThe incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in Shanghai are higher than the level in China.The proportion of colon cancer is higher than that of rectum cancer.Gender, age and location differences, changes of incidence and staging influenced by screening program deserve more attention.
HUANG Ming-min, GONG Yang-ming, WU Chun-xiao, ZHANG Min-lu, GU Kai, PENG Peng, BAO Ping-ping. Characteristics of morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer in Shanghai, 2011-2015[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 484-489. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19487.
Bacterial contamination investigation on communal washing machines in a university of Zhengzhou City
2019, 31(6): 490-492.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.18751
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo evaluate the contaminative level of communal washing machines in universities and help students to do healthy laundry with an effective method. MethodsSource water in 100 communal turbine washing machines in a university in the city of Zhengzhou was detected to count their numbers of bacteria.Twenty heavily contaminated washing machines mentioned above were devided into 4 groups.And 5 washing machines in each group were numbered.The sterilizing effects of four kinds of bacteriostatic materials including ozone, 84 disinfectant, washing machine slot cleaning powder and washing powder used by the 4 groups of machines, were compared by counting the total number of bacteria with washing water before and after sterilizing. ResultsNo bacterium was detected in the source water for the 100 washing machines.In washing water from the 100 washing machines, the total number was 5 500-31 250 CFU/mL (18 918 CFU/mL on average).Median (interquartile range) was 19 500 CFU/mL (15 500-22 125).The average sterilizing rates of the 4 sterilizing approaches using ozone, 84 disinfectant, washing machine slot cleaning powder and washing powder were 98.04%, 96.75%, 97.03% and 96.33% respectively.There was no significant difference found among the four methods (P>0.05). ConclusionBacterial contamination of communal washing machines in the university is serious.Ordinary washing powder proved to be more convenient to use than washing machine slot cleaning powder, with the same sterilizing effect and at lower prices.
YANG Xin-yu, MA Kai, GE Yun-xiao, LIU Zong-yang, WU Mei-dan, HUANG Sen, JIN Guo-ping. Bacterial contamination investigation on communal washing machines in a university of Zhengzhou City[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 490-492. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.18751.
2019, 31(6): 493-499.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19452
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ObjectiveTo investigate the pathogens carried by Culex pipiens pallens in Zichuan district. MethodsCx.pipiens pallens were collected in Zichuan District during the peak period of mosquito vector activity from 2017 to 2018.The presence of ISFVs, Bunyavirus, Alphavirus and Liaoningvirus were tested using RT-PCR-based assay, followed by the sequencing of PCR products to detect the type and number of viruses carried by mosquitoes.The virus infection rates of mosquitoes were calculated by Bias-corrected maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) using the Excel add-in PooledInfRate v4 statistical software package.MEGA 7.0 software was used to construct phylogenetic tree between the nucleic acid sequences of the obtained virus NS5 gene and E gene and the known reference strains of CxFV in GenBank to determine the genotype of the virus. ResultsCxFV was amplified from three groups (ZCB10_ A22_ 2、ZCB11_ A23_ 2、ZCC2_ A26_ 2).The overall MLE values (and 95% confidence interval) for CxFV of peak period of mospuito vector activity was 5.04 (1.35－13.78) per 1 000.No other viruses were detected.Phylogenetic analysis of NS5 gene showed that the genetic relationship between the three groups of virus and the virus strain (MG602497.1) isolated from Shanghai was the closest, with the similarity of 96.83%－97.23%.And phylogenetic analysis of E gene showed that the genetic relationship between the three groups of viruses and the virus strains (AB262759.2, AB377213.1) isolated from Tokyo, Japan was the closest, with the similarity of 97.55%－97.72%.The virus was identified as CxFV and genotype Ⅰ. ConclusionCx.pipiens pallens carries CxFV in Zichuan district. It is imperative to carry out continuously surveillance of mosquito carryied pathogens.
ZHANG Wei, FANG Yuan, ZHANG Yi, SHI Wen-qi, LI Yuan-yuan, YUE Zhi-yuan. Current situation investigation on pathogens carried by Culex pipiens pallens in Zichuan District, Zibo City, Shandong Province[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 493-499. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19452.
PANG Wei-long,
LIU Ying,
GE Jun-hua,
CUI Qing-rong,
LI Jiang-lin,
ZHENG Xiang,
HU Ya-fei,
SHEN Wei-wei,
HU Hai-yan,
DING Bin-bin,
SUN Ji-min,
LIN Hai-jiang
2019, 31(6): 500-504.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19354
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ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province from 2012 to 2018, and to provide basis for the prevention and control of this disease. MethodsData on SFTS cases in Tiantai County from 2012 to 2018 were collected and analyzed for the epidemiological characteristics by descriptive epidemiological methods. ResultsA total of 44 SFTS cases which included 6 deaths were reported in Tiantai County from 2012 to 2018.The peak incidence of SFTS cases was concentrated from May to August.Thirty six cases (81.82%) were distributed in three townships, and the epidemic areas showed the trend of extending from mountainous hills to the plains.Most of the infected cases were middle and old age farmers.Sixteen cases had a clear history of tick bites.A cluster of epidemics occurred, 2 of which were husband-and-wife relationships caused by joint exposure.The clinical manifestations were mainly fever, fatigue, headache, body aches, chills, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.Twenty-nine cases (65.91%) were at their first visit diagnosed and treated in township hospitals or village clinics and 18 cases (40.91%) diagnosed and reported after at least three visits. And for death cases, their intervals of time were both longer from onset to medical visit or from visit to diagnosis as compared with the survival cases. ConclusionMost SFTS cases are the middle and old aged people living in hills and mountain areas of Tiantai County, with a significant regional and seasonal distribution.Strengthening the awareness of prevention and improving the ability of medical institutions to early diagnose is of great significance for the prevention and control of this disease.
PANG Wei-long, LIU Ying, GE Jun-hua, CUI Qing-rong, LI Jiang-lin, ZHENG Xiang, HU Ya-fei, SHEN Wei-wei, HU Hai-yan, DING Bin-bin, SUN Ji-min, LIN Hai-jiang. Epidemiological characteristics analysis on severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Tiantai County of Zhejiang Province, 2012-2018[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 500-504. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19354.
2019, 31(6): 505-509.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19409
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of aggregative vomiting and diarrhea outbreak in Shanghai. MethodsThe investigation report of the epidemic situation of aggregated vomiting and diarrhea found and reported in Shanghai from January to December 2017 were collected and summarized.Statistical analysis were made of the three epidemic distribution characteristics, clinical characteristics, main causes of infection and pathogenic bacteria, etc. ResultsThe epidemic peak of vomiting and diarrhea outbreak in Shanghai was in winter and spring, while 79.23% of the outbreaks occurred from November to March next year.The epidemic were mainly in the suburbs, while 30% of the epidemic situation were reported in Pudong New District and Songjiang District and 10% reported in the central districts such as Xuhui, Jingan and Huangpu Districts.And 96.92% of the epidemic were found to have occurred in schools and kindergartens.The main clinical manifestations were vomiting and diarrhea, and 91.26% of the patients had vomiting symptoms.Human-to-human contact was the main transmission route of the epidemic in Shanghai, accounting for 93.85% of all.Norovirus was the primary pathogen of the epidemic in Shanghai, accounting for 74.62%.The duration of the epidemic was positively correlated with the interval between occurrence of the first case and the time of first investigation and management. ConclusionIn 2017, the epidemic situation of aggregated vomiting and diarrhea in Shanghai mainly occurred in winter and spring and in collective units.Norovirus proved to be the main pathogen.It is imperative to strengthen the surveillance and protection of key areas and personnel.
XIAO Wen-jia, WU Huan-yu, GONG Xiao-huan, LIN Sheng, PAN Hao. Epidemiological characteristics of aggregative vomiting and diarrhea outbreak in Shanghai in 2017[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 505-509. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19409.
2019, 31(6): 510-513.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19243
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate the curative effect of early application of the herbal fumigation on hand-foot syndrome (HFS) induced by capecitabine. MethodsA series of 67 patients with gastrointestinal malignancies receiving capecitabine chemotherapy were randomly divided into two groups.The treatment group (34 patients) was treated with herbal immersion and basic care, while the control group (33 patients) with warm water immersion and basic care.The corresponding treatment was adopted as soon as the chemotherapy with capecitabine was started. ResultsThe incidence and occurrence time of HFS in the treatment group were significantly lower (17.6% vs 42.4%, P=0.027) and later (P=0.032) than that in the control group.The symptoms of pain in the control group were more significant than those in the treatment group (P=0.002).Treatment without herbal immersion (OR=3.280, P=0.040) were independently related to HFS.In the control group, the incidence of HFS in patient taking capecitabine and paclitaxel were significantly higher than those taking capecitabine and oxaliplatine (P=0.047). ConclusionHerbal immersion has preventive and therapeutic effect on hand-foot syndrome caused by capecitabine.
LU Li, YANG Liu. Herbal fumigation applied in prevention and treatment of hand-foot syndrome induced by capecitabine:Obervation on its curative effect[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 510-513. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19243.
2019, 31(6): 514-519.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19383
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo compare and analyze the positive samples of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody screening and immunoblotting tests (WB), and to explore the conformity of the results of screening test and WB confirmation. MethodsAccording to the requirements of National AIDS Testing Technical Specification (2015 edition) of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 289 HIV screening test positive samples in Baoshan District of Shanghai from December 2017 to December 2018 were confirmed by WB method, and the results of screening and confirmation were compared and analyzed.Of them, 286 were ELISA positive, 276 immunoosmosis/chromatography positive and 70 samples of chemiluminescence positive.Both ELISA and immunoosmosis/chromatography tests were negative.The negative samples of ELISA and immunoosmosis/chromatography were detected by immunoblotting (WB). ResultsOf 289 HIV screening test positive samples, 245 (84.78%) were HIV-1 positive, 34 (11.76%) uncertain and 10 (3.46%) negative.The coincidence rates of ELISA, IMC and WB were 85.66% (245/286) and 88.77% (245/276), respectively.There was no significant difference between them (χ2=1.211, P=0.271).The average S/c.o values of positive, uncertain and negative HIV-1 antibodies in WB confirmation test were (24.66±1.37), (20.15±8.06) and (7.96±8.40), respectively.There were significant differences among the three groups (F=137.96, P=0.000).Among 289 screening test positive samples, the S/c.o values of 9 samples were between 1 and 6, and the positive coincidence rate was 11.11%.The S/c.o values of 3 samples were between 7 and 10, and the positive coincidence rate of 2 samples was 66.67%.The S/c.o values of the other 277 samples were all over 10.Of 242 samples were confirmed positive, and the rate of positive coincidence was 87.36%.In HIV-1 positive samples, the probability of simultaneous occurrence of gp160, gp120, gp41, p66 and p24 bands was 95%.Of 70 HIV screening responded positive by chemiluminescent method.In ELISA and immunoosmosis/chromatography negative samples, 51.43% (36/70) were negative by WB; 38.57% (27/70) were one band; 10% (7/70) were two bands. ConclusionHIV screening should be used of highly sensitive and specific reagent, namely antigen and antibody detection at the same time, which can reduce the early missed screening of infection and improve the coincidence with the confirmation results.Because of the influence of samples or certain diseases, false positivity may exist in screening tests, which must be based on the results of antibody confirmation or nucleic acid supplementation tests.HIV antibody confirmation tests, because of the late occurrence of IgG antibodies detected, have the risk of missed screening for early infected persons.It is suggested that there should be a counter-reaction to the initial screening.Those with low S/c.o values (between 1 and 6), negative or uncertain antibody confirmation tests, responding to chemiluminescent HIV screening, negative samples from ELISA and immunoosmosis/chromatography tests, should be followed up by nucleic acid supplementation test or by combination check with epidemiological data.
ZHANG Yue-juan, NI Zheng-ming, WANG Na, LIU Xiao-feng, WANG Cheng-yi, YU Xiao-lei. Positive rate analysis on HIV-1 antibody confirmation in AIDS screening population[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 514-519. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19383.
2019, 31(6): 520-523.
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.18880
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo evaluate an ion chromatography method for the determination of ammonium ion in ambient air particulate matter (PM2.5). MethodsThe samples of ambient air particles (PM2.5) were collected from the silica fiber filter membrane.The ammonium ions were extracted by ultrasonic extraction and the content of ammonium ions in the samples was tested by ion chromatography.An inhibitory conductivity detector, CS16 cation analysis column and 20% methanesulfonic acid as the fluent were selected for determination.The relative retention time was qualitatively determined and the peak area quantified.Uncertainty was used in the determination of ammonium ion content. ResultsThe ammonium ion was in the range of 0-50 mg/L (r=0.9997).The precision of the method was high (RSD 0%-0.51%).The detection limit was 0.13 mg/L and the lower limit 0.52 mg/L. ConclusionIon chromatography method is easy to operate without the influence of interfering ions, and can be used in special investigation of health influence on population threatened by the national air pollution (fog haze).
XU Jun, LIANG Wei-jiu, XU Hao. Ion chromatography in determination of ammonium ion in PM2.5[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 520-523. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.18880.
2019, 31(6): I-Ⅳ
Abstract:
. CONTENTS IN BRIEF[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): I-Ⅳ.
2019, 31(6): 421-422
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19568
Abstract:
. [J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 421-422. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19568.
2019, 31(6): 423-426
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19471
Abstract:
In recent years, more and more attentions were focused on food safety with the development of economy and improvement of living standards.Food safety regulatory model changed because of a new institutional reform of the government.Coordination and comprehensiveness were strengthened in the new regulatory reform, however a new challenge of specialty in food safety field comes out.As the technical support of food safety, food inspection and detection system should be updated in order to adapt to food safety regulatory reform, which is a new challenge.In this article, the problem of food inspection and detection system is studied in new food safety regulatory reform, and corresponding solutions are analyzed.
In recent years, more and more attentions were focused on food safety with the development of economy and improvement of living standards.Food safety regulatory model changed because of a new institutional reform of the government.Coordination and comprehensiveness were strengthened in the new regulatory reform, however a new challenge of specialty in food safety field comes out.As the technical support of food safety, food inspection and detection system should be updated in order to adapt to food safety regulatory reform, which is a new challenge.In this article, the problem of food inspection and detection system is studied in new food safety regulatory reform, and corresponding solutions are analyzed.
ZHANG Ju-zhou. Food inspection and detection system in new regulatory time:Its current situation and countermeasure analysis[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 423-426. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19471.
2019, 31(6): 427-431
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19475
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo establish a method for determination of N-dimethylnitrosamine in food by steam distillation-liquid chromatography-atmospheric chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-APCI-MS/MS). MethodsThe sample spiked with isotope internal standard was processed by improved steam distillation method, and the distillate extracted by dichloromethane.After adding 1 mL of water, the extract was concentrated to no dichloromethane by vacuum rotary evaporator (water bath temperature 35℃, vacuum 50 kPa).The concentrate was determined by LC-APCI-MS/MS.The residue was separated on a Poroshell 120 EC-C18 column (2.7 μm, 4.6 mm×100 mm) with the mobile of methanol-water system, then was monitored by positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode and quantified by internal Standard. ResultsThe calibration relations showed good linearity between 5 and 500 ng/mL.Recoveries at 0.15, 0.5 and 10 μg/kg were within 80%-110% with relative standard deviation (RSD) less than 7%.The detection concentration was 0.1 μg/kg.NDMA was not detected in 30 batches of meat products, but detected in 19 out of 30 batches of smoked and roasted fish fillets with content ranging from 0.38 μg/kg to 15.7 μg/kg.The content of NDMA in two batches of samples (8.45 μg/kg and 15.7 μg/kg, respectively) exceeded the limits of NDMA in Chinese GB 2762 (4.0 μg/kg). ConclusionThe method in this study is sensitive, accurate, and suitable for the determination of N-dimethylnitrosamine in food.
JIAN Long-hai, HAN Jing, ZHENG Rong, WANG Ke. Determination of N-dimethylnitrosamine in food by liquid chromatography-atmospheric chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 427-431. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19475.
FENG Rui,
HU Qing,
SUN Jian,
YU Hong,
ZHANG Su,
ZHANG Jing-xian,
SHEN Ying-ying,
ZHU Yan-rong,
WANG Ke,
JI Shen
2019, 31(6): 432-438
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19479
Abstract:
ObjectiveAn analytical method was developed for the determination of 30 digestive system drugs in foods and dietary supplements by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QQQ-MS). MethodsA Waters CORTECS T3 column (100 mm ×2.1 mm, 2.7 μm) was used with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as mobile phases by gradient elution for separation of 30 compounds.All the compounds were detected by electrospray ion souce in positive mode with multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode. ResultsThe calibration curves showed good linearities for the 30 compounds during the range of 1-10 μg/L.The correlation coefficients of the standard calibration curves for the 30 compounds were all above 0.99.The recoveries of the drugs at spiked levels of limits of quantitation (LOQs), double LOQs, ten times of LOQs were at the range of 80.1%~116.6% with the RSDs between 0.7% and 8.8% (n=6), except for the 5 compounds such as mesalazine with strong matrix effects.The LODs were 25 μg/kg for the 30 compounds. ConclusionThe method proves to be sensitive and accurate for the determination of the digestive system drugs.This method fills the gap of the determination of the digestive system drugs, which strikes illegal adulteration behavior effectively.
FENG Rui, HU Qing, SUN Jian, YU Hong, ZHANG Su, ZHANG Jing-xian, SHEN Ying-ying, ZHU Yan-rong, WANG Ke, JI Shen. Determination of 30 illegally added drugs of disgestive regulation in foods by UHPLC-QQQ-MS[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 432-438. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19479.
2019, 31(6): 439-442
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19469
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo establish uncertainty evaluation for the determination of diallyl phthalate in jellies by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), thus obtaining accurate results. MethodsA mathematical model was established and sources of uncertainty during the analysis process that might be introduced were analyzed and quantified.The expanded uncertainty was also calculated. ResultsWhen the diallyl phthalate content in jellies was 0.941 2 mg/kg, the expanded uncertainty of measurement results was 0.051 2 mg/kg(K=2, P=95%). ConclusionIn this paper, the main sources of measurement uncertainty are methanol standard solution, standard curve fitting and sample preparation.
ZHAO Yan. Uncertainty evaluation in determination of diallyl phthalate in jellies by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 439-442. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19469.
LIU Xiao-hong,
ZHOU Xiao-feng,
CHEN Wei-hua,
JIA Fu-huai,
ZHANG Mei-ru,
CHEN Jing-si,
WU Min,
CHEN Bo,
LI Shu-guang
2019, 31(6): 443-447
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19424
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between type 2 diabetes and phthalates in urine and its metabolites in middle and old age people in Shanghai. MethodsThe subjects in the case group were selected from a community in shanghai who registered in a health management file with history of diagnosed diabetes for >3 months and at the age of 50 years or older but without serious heart and kidney diseases.The healthy subjects in the control group were from 2 642 residents in the "Shanghai Food Consumption Survey" project conducted by Fudan University School of Public Health from 2012 to 2014.The candidates were 50 years of age or older, no diabetes, and no serious heart, kidney and other diseases.The case group and the control group were paired by age and sex, and then the differences in urinary phthalate metabolites between case group and control group were statistically analyzed. ResultsThe metabolic concentrations of phthalates in urine except MBzP and MCMHP proved to be significantly correlated with diabetes (P < 0.05), and are risk factors for diabetes (OR>1).The odds ratio (OR) of MMP was 1.099 (1.069, 1.130)(P < 0.01), OR of MEP was 1.013(1.009, 1.017)(P < 0.01), OR of MiBP was 1.066(1.016, 1.119)(P < 0.01), OR of MnBP was 1.034 (1.021, 1.047)(P < 0.01), OR of MEHP was 1.006 (1.002, 1.010)(P < 0.01), OR of MEOHP was 1.074 (1.049, 1.099)(P < 0.01), OR of MECPP was 1.013(1.006, 1.020)(P < 0.01), OR of MEHHP was 1.015(1.008, 1.022)(P < 0.01). ConclusionIt is found there may be some associations between exposure to phthalates and type 2 diabetes in middle and old age.
LIU Xiao-hong, ZHOU Xiao-feng, CHEN Wei-hua, JIA Fu-huai, ZHANG Mei-ru, CHEN Jing-si, WU Min, CHEN Bo, LI Shu-guang. Association between exposure to phthalates and type 2 diabetes in middle and old age[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 443-447. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19424.
2019, 31(6): 448-450, 456
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19476
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate lead, total arsenic, total mercury and chromium residues levels and potential health risks of Chinese medicine health food in Shanghai. MethodsThe exposure assessment on lead, total arsenic, total mercury and chromium residues of Chinese medicine health foods was performed by point assessment approach, analysis of monitoring program and daily recommended dosage in the label of outpackaging of health food. ResultsIt was shown that two of 200 Chinese medicinal health food samples exceeded the standards requirement of heavy metal residues, and the qualified rate of the detected samples was 99.0%.The detection rates of lead, total arsenic and chromium in samples were all over 70%.With Shanghai residents, the mean and high end value P95 of weekly expodure to heavy metal chromium through intake of Chinese medicinal health foods were 0.000 5 mg/(kg·bw) and 0.001 3 mg/(kg·bw), accounting for 7.26% and 19.59% of provisional weekly tolerable intake [PTWI, 0.006 7 mg/(kg·bw)], respectively. ConclusionThe level of heavy metal residues of Chinese medicine health foods in Shanghai is overall in good condition.The safety risk of Chinese medicine health foods is low, if it is properly taken according to recommended daily dosage in the label of outpackaging.
TONG Ren-ping, FAN Chen-yue, PAN Ying. Detection and exposure assessment of lead, total arsenic, total mercury and chromium residues in Chinese medicine health foods in Shanghai[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 448-450, 456. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19476.
2019, 31(6): 451-456
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19411
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate heavy metal contamination situation of grains in Qingpu, evaluating the health risks of heavy metals intake from grains consumption. MethodsA total of 342 grain samples were collected in Qingpu using random sampling method, and the contents of Pb, Cd, Hg detected.Then the single factor pollution index and Nemerow multi-factor index were used to evaluate the levels of heavy metals in grains.In addition, combined with the data on dietary consumption in residents of Shanghai during 2012－2013, the dietary risk and carcinogenic risk of heavy metals were evaluated by USEPA health risk assessment model. ResultsThe mean contents of Pb, Cd, Hg in grains were 0.0197, 0.0081, 0.0025 mg/kg, respectively.In addition, the single factor contamination indexes and the Nemerow multi-factor indexes of heavy metals in 3 kinds of grains were found to be less than 0.7, which indicated that the pollution status of heavy metals were at the level of safety.The average daily intake of Pb, Cd, Hg from grains were estimated to be 0.044 2, 0.012 1 and 0.068 7 μg/kg, accounting for 5.31%, 2.12% and 1.92% of PTWI(provisional tolerable weekly intake); and the higher daily intake (P95) were estimated to be 0.085 3, 0.023 7 and 0.141 9 μg/kg, accounting for 10.24%, 4.14% and 3.97% of PTWI.The average and higher individual health risk of heavy metal pollution were both 10－6/a, less than the standard of ICRP(5.0×10－5/a).The average and higher LIE caused by the heavy metals was 20.22 min and 38.99 min. ConclusionDietary exposure of heavy metal in grains is in a safety level in Qingpu District.
WU Li-zhu, GAO Hong-mei, MA Ying. Lead, cadmium and mercury pollution and health risk assessment for main marketed grain and its products in Qingpu District of Shanghai[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 451-456. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19411.
PENG Hui,
LIU Wan-wan,
SUN Si-fei,
DONG Yu-ting,
ZHANG Qin,
ZHU Yan-hong,
YUAN Hong,
SHAO Yue-qin,
PENG Qian
2019, 31(6): 457-460, 465
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19332
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo ascertain the current situation and usage changes of iodized salt in Jiading District of Shanghai from 2008 to 2018, and provide decision-making basis for adjusting corresponding intervention measures. MethodsA total of 3 795 household salt samples were taken for salt iodine monitoring according to the "Shanghai Iodized Salt Monitoring Implementation Plan" from 2008 to 2018;the annual change percentage of the main indicators was calculated and the Joinpoint software used to analyze the trend. ResultsFrom 2008 to 2018 in Jiading District, the non-iodized salt rate, iodized salt coverage rate, iodized salt pass rate and qualified iodized salt consumption rate were 10.78%, 89.22%, 83.05% and 74.10%.The non-iodized salt rate from 2008 to 2018 and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate from 2008 to 2011 were without obvious change trend(P>0.05).The iodized salt coverage rate, the iodized salt qualified rate and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate in 2012-2018 decreased statistically (P < 0.05). ConclusionThe iodized salt coverage rate and the qualified iodized salt consumption rate of Jiading District of Shanghai show a downward trend in 2008-2018.The government should continue to adhere to the policy of salt iodization, strengthen the management of unqualified iodized salt.
PENG Hui, LIU Wan-wan, SUN Si-fei, DONG Yu-ting, ZHANG Qin, ZHU Yan-hong, YUAN Hong, SHAO Yue-qin, PENG Qian. Trend analysis on iodized salt monitoring results in Jiading District of Shanghai from 2008 to 2018[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 457-460, 465. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19332.
2019, 31(6): 461-465
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19478
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate the contamination situation, molecular diversity and virulence gene distribution of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from market fresh meat, providing basis for its prevention and control. MethodsS.aureus strains were isolated and identified according to GB 4789.10—2016.MLST(multilocus sequence typing) method was used for genotyping these isolates, and the distribution of 11 toxin genes were tested by PCR. ResultsA total of 56 S.aureus-positive samples (30.1%) were found out of 148 samples from market fresh meat, and finally 56 strains were isolated.MLST results showed that these strains could be typed into 11 different sequence types (STs).Among them ST7 (28.6%) was dominant, and followed by ST188 (23.2%), ST1 (8.93%) and ST88 (8.93%).Six toxin genes were detected in 27 strains (48.2%), in which the most frequent toxin gene was pvl gene (26.8%), followed by enterotoxin genes sec (12.5%), seh (10.7%), sea (7.1%) and sed (5.4%). ConclusionS.aureus has a high pollution rate in raw meat commodities.The high genetic diversity of the strains implies multiple sources of contamination.The toxin genes associated with food poisoning and clinical infection show a high distribution proportion.The monitoring of S.aureus in market fresh meat should be strengthened.
SONG Ming-hui, QIN Feng, LIU Hao, YANG Mei-cheng. Genotyping and toxin gene detection of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from market fresh meat[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 461-465. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19478.
2019, 31(6): 466-468, 478
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19233
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate a food poisoning incident caused by spoiled black fungus and to find out the cause of poisoning. MethodsThe field epidemiological investigation was carried out, and the suspected food and blood of patients were collected for laboratory detection. ResultsThis incident took place in a family, and one person was dead with three people exposed.Rice ferment acid toxin were found in the blood of two people. ConclusionThis food poisoning incident was caused by spoiled black fungus which was polluted by pseudomonas cocovenenans subspfarinofermentans.Public education should be strengthened to develop healthy and safe eating habits and to prevent similar events.
SHENTU Ping-ping, ZHU Jia-hui, XU Xiao-min, LÜ Gong-jin, WANG Cui-rong, TAO Zhen-yang. A food poisoning incident caused by pseudomonas cocovenenans subspfarinofermentans[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 466-468, 478. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19233.
2019, 31(6): 469-472
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.18729
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo find out the main causes of a food-poisoning incident and provide the basis for the control and prevention in this regard. MethodsEpidemiological investigation, statistical analysis of data, and laboratory testing were carried out for the incident. ResultsA total of 60 cases were reported.The median incubation period was 70 minutes, and the main clinical manifestations were vomit, nausea, abdominal distention, headache and abdominal pain.There was statistical significance in the pathogenesis by eating fried kidney beans (χ2=20.0, P < 0.001), and there was a dose-response relationship between food intake and morbidity (trend χ2=10.87, P < 0.001).Saponin toxin was detected in all samples of the fried kidney beans and vomitus from patients. ConclusionSaponin toxins in undercooked kidney bean are the cause of the food poisoning incident.
ZHENG Jian-jun, ZHANG Hui-li, YE Xiao-hong, QIU Zai-ping, TANG Yu-ming, XIANG Hui, FANG Ming-yuan. Case-control study on a food poisoning caused by saponin toxin of kidney bean[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 469-472. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.18729.
2019, 31(6): 473-478
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19420
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of fatty liver disease (FLD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adults from Shanghai suburb area, and to explore the risk factors of FLD and MetS. MethodsAdults aged 20~74 years old from a community of Shanghai Songjiang district were invited to take medical examination, B-ultrasonography, clinical blood test and questionnaire investigation.FLD was diagnosed based on ultrasound image, and MetS diagnosed based on the physical examination and blood test according to criteria from the Modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (mATPⅢ 2005).The data thus obtained were used to analyze the prevalence and risk factors of FLD and MetS. ResultsAmong the 6 608 participants being investigated, the prevalence of FLD was 38.29% (males 31.29%, females 42.67%, P < 0.001), and the prevalence of MetS was 36.40% (males 32.94%, females 38.56%, P < 0.001).FLD and MetS were more prevalent in females and participants having higher age, overweight or obesity, and having the history of high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidemia.Better education and underweight were the protective factors of FLD and MetS.The FLD was the risk factor of MetS, and vice versa. ConclusionThe prevalence of FLD in Songjiang district of Shanghai is higher than that in the data from literature, and the prevalence of MetS is maintains at the high level.High concern needs to be raised because of the high prevalence of FLD and MetS.
ZHUANG Li-yan, LI Jing, ZHU Hui-ying, YANG Qiong, WANG Ying-quan, CHEN Bo, ZHAO Gen-ming. Fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome in adults from Shanghai suburb area: Prevalence and risk factors[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 473-478. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19420.
GU Min-min,
ZHANG Yi-ying,
GAO Xue-qin,
YUAN Hong,
ZHANG Jin-yu,
ZHAO Hong-xia,
MAO Lin-qi,
LV Jun,
LI Xiao-hong
2019, 31(6): 479-483
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19244
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo compare and analyze the diabetes-related knowledge among the type 2 diabetes patients, family members and general residents of a community in Jiading District of Shanghai, providing a basis for optimizing community diabetes health management services. MethodsFrom November to December 2017, through multi-stage sampling, a face-to-face survey was conducted among residents aged 35 or more in Jiading District.The questionnaires included general information, health status, and knowledge about diabetes and so on. ResultsA total of 1 091 residents were investigated, and 1 088 valid questionnaires obtained.The knowledge rate of diabetes prevention and treatment was 51.4%.The awareness rates of the three groups were patients (71.0%), patients′ family members (60.2%), and general residents (45.9%), with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).The awareness rates of the four knowledge points were as follows typical symptoms (70.0%), risk factors (62.2%), complications (64.7%), and control measures (75.0%), with statistically significant differences (P < 0.01).The knowledge rate of diabetes prevention and treatment was higher in Shanghainese than in non-Shanghainese, and with the increase of education level and family per capita monthly income level, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).Patients′ knowledge of diabetes prevention and treatment was not affected by factors such as gender, education level, household registration and family per capita monthly income.Patients′ family members in their knowledge may be affected by factors such as gender and education level, while general residents by gender, household registration, education level and family per capita monthly income. ConclusionThe popularization should be strengthened of knowledge of diabetes risk factors, and attention given to the low-income and low-educated non-Shanghainese male population.At the same time, the family members of the patients should be actively given health education of diabetes prevention and treatment knowledge.
GU Min-min, ZHANG Yi-ying, GAO Xue-qin, YUAN Hong, ZHANG Jin-yu, ZHAO Hong-xia, MAO Lin-qi, LV Jun, LI Xiao-hong. Diabetes-related knowledge awareness compared in type 2 diabetes patients and residents in a community of Shanghai[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 479-483. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19244.
2019, 31(6): 484-489
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19487
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo describe the patterns of incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in Shanghai during 2011-2015, and to provide reference for prevention and control strategies on colorectal cancer and comprehensive evaluation of screening program. MethodsThe data on colorectal cancer cases were collected from the Shanghai Cancer Registry.The distributions of incidences and mortality during 2011-2015 were described.The patterns were analyzed according to gender, age, basis of diagnosis, histological type, diagnostic stage in detail. ResultsA total of 8 508 new cases of colorectal cancer were diagnosed on average per year during 2011-2015, accounting for 12.85% of all cancers; the incidence was 59.54/105, and the ASR 24.68/105.The average annual deaths due to colorectal cancer were 4 612, accounting for 12.18% of all cancers.The mortality was 32.28/105, and the ASR 11.22/105.The proportion of colon cancer in new cases was higher than that of rectal cancer.The histologically verified rate was 85.95%, the percentage of early stage being 8.11% in newly diagnosed cases (unknown stage cases were included). ConclusionThe incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer in Shanghai are higher than the level in China.The proportion of colon cancer is higher than that of rectum cancer.Gender, age and location differences, changes of incidence and staging influenced by screening program deserve more attention.
HUANG Ming-min, GONG Yang-ming, WU Chun-xiao, ZHANG Min-lu, GU Kai, PENG Peng, BAO Ping-ping. Characteristics of morbidity and mortality of colorectal cancer in Shanghai, 2011-2015[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 484-489. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19487.
Bacterial contamination investigation on communal washing machines in a university of Zhengzhou City
2019, 31(6): 490-492
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.18751
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo evaluate the contaminative level of communal washing machines in universities and help students to do healthy laundry with an effective method. MethodsSource water in 100 communal turbine washing machines in a university in the city of Zhengzhou was detected to count their numbers of bacteria.Twenty heavily contaminated washing machines mentioned above were devided into 4 groups.And 5 washing machines in each group were numbered.The sterilizing effects of four kinds of bacteriostatic materials including ozone, 84 disinfectant, washing machine slot cleaning powder and washing powder used by the 4 groups of machines, were compared by counting the total number of bacteria with washing water before and after sterilizing. ResultsNo bacterium was detected in the source water for the 100 washing machines.In washing water from the 100 washing machines, the total number was 5 500-31 250 CFU/mL (18 918 CFU/mL on average).Median (interquartile range) was 19 500 CFU/mL (15 500-22 125).The average sterilizing rates of the 4 sterilizing approaches using ozone, 84 disinfectant, washing machine slot cleaning powder and washing powder were 98.04%, 96.75%, 97.03% and 96.33% respectively.There was no significant difference found among the four methods (P>0.05). ConclusionBacterial contamination of communal washing machines in the university is serious.Ordinary washing powder proved to be more convenient to use than washing machine slot cleaning powder, with the same sterilizing effect and at lower prices.
YANG Xin-yu, MA Kai, GE Yun-xiao, LIU Zong-yang, WU Mei-dan, HUANG Sen, JIN Guo-ping. Bacterial contamination investigation on communal washing machines in a university of Zhengzhou City[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 490-492. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.18751.
2019, 31(6): 493-499
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19452
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate the pathogens carried by Culex pipiens pallens in Zichuan district. MethodsCx.pipiens pallens were collected in Zichuan District during the peak period of mosquito vector activity from 2017 to 2018.The presence of ISFVs, Bunyavirus, Alphavirus and Liaoningvirus were tested using RT-PCR-based assay, followed by the sequencing of PCR products to detect the type and number of viruses carried by mosquitoes.The virus infection rates of mosquitoes were calculated by Bias-corrected maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) using the Excel add-in PooledInfRate v4 statistical software package.MEGA 7.0 software was used to construct phylogenetic tree between the nucleic acid sequences of the obtained virus NS5 gene and E gene and the known reference strains of CxFV in GenBank to determine the genotype of the virus. ResultsCxFV was amplified from three groups (ZCB10_ A22_ 2、ZCB11_ A23_ 2、ZCC2_ A26_ 2).The overall MLE values (and 95% confidence interval) for CxFV of peak period of mospuito vector activity was 5.04 (1.35－13.78) per 1 000.No other viruses were detected.Phylogenetic analysis of NS5 gene showed that the genetic relationship between the three groups of virus and the virus strain (MG602497.1) isolated from Shanghai was the closest, with the similarity of 96.83%－97.23%.And phylogenetic analysis of E gene showed that the genetic relationship between the three groups of viruses and the virus strains (AB262759.2, AB377213.1) isolated from Tokyo, Japan was the closest, with the similarity of 97.55%－97.72%.The virus was identified as CxFV and genotype Ⅰ. ConclusionCx.pipiens pallens carries CxFV in Zichuan district. It is imperative to carry out continuously surveillance of mosquito carryied pathogens.
ZHANG Wei, FANG Yuan, ZHANG Yi, SHI Wen-qi, LI Yuan-yuan, YUE Zhi-yuan. Current situation investigation on pathogens carried by Culex pipiens pallens in Zichuan District, Zibo City, Shandong Province[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 493-499. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19452.
PANG Wei-long,
LIU Ying,
GE Jun-hua,
CUI Qing-rong,
LI Jiang-lin,
ZHENG Xiang,
HU Ya-fei,
SHEN Wei-wei,
HU Hai-yan,
DING Bin-bin,
SUN Ji-min,
LIN Hai-jiang
2019, 31(6): 500-504
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19354
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) in Tiantai County, Zhejiang Province from 2012 to 2018, and to provide basis for the prevention and control of this disease. MethodsData on SFTS cases in Tiantai County from 2012 to 2018 were collected and analyzed for the epidemiological characteristics by descriptive epidemiological methods. ResultsA total of 44 SFTS cases which included 6 deaths were reported in Tiantai County from 2012 to 2018.The peak incidence of SFTS cases was concentrated from May to August.Thirty six cases (81.82%) were distributed in three townships, and the epidemic areas showed the trend of extending from mountainous hills to the plains.Most of the infected cases were middle and old age farmers.Sixteen cases had a clear history of tick bites.A cluster of epidemics occurred, 2 of which were husband-and-wife relationships caused by joint exposure.The clinical manifestations were mainly fever, fatigue, headache, body aches, chills, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.Twenty-nine cases (65.91%) were at their first visit diagnosed and treated in township hospitals or village clinics and 18 cases (40.91%) diagnosed and reported after at least three visits. And for death cases, their intervals of time were both longer from onset to medical visit or from visit to diagnosis as compared with the survival cases. ConclusionMost SFTS cases are the middle and old aged people living in hills and mountain areas of Tiantai County, with a significant regional and seasonal distribution.Strengthening the awareness of prevention and improving the ability of medical institutions to early diagnose is of great significance for the prevention and control of this disease.
PANG Wei-long, LIU Ying, GE Jun-hua, CUI Qing-rong, LI Jiang-lin, ZHENG Xiang, HU Ya-fei, SHEN Wei-wei, HU Hai-yan, DING Bin-bin, SUN Ji-min, LIN Hai-jiang. Epidemiological characteristics analysis on severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Tiantai County of Zhejiang Province, 2012-2018[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 500-504. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19354.
2019, 31(6): 505-509
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19409
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of aggregative vomiting and diarrhea outbreak in Shanghai. MethodsThe investigation report of the epidemic situation of aggregated vomiting and diarrhea found and reported in Shanghai from January to December 2017 were collected and summarized.Statistical analysis were made of the three epidemic distribution characteristics, clinical characteristics, main causes of infection and pathogenic bacteria, etc. ResultsThe epidemic peak of vomiting and diarrhea outbreak in Shanghai was in winter and spring, while 79.23% of the outbreaks occurred from November to March next year.The epidemic were mainly in the suburbs, while 30% of the epidemic situation were reported in Pudong New District and Songjiang District and 10% reported in the central districts such as Xuhui, Jingan and Huangpu Districts.And 96.92% of the epidemic were found to have occurred in schools and kindergartens.The main clinical manifestations were vomiting and diarrhea, and 91.26% of the patients had vomiting symptoms.Human-to-human contact was the main transmission route of the epidemic in Shanghai, accounting for 93.85% of all.Norovirus was the primary pathogen of the epidemic in Shanghai, accounting for 74.62%.The duration of the epidemic was positively correlated with the interval between occurrence of the first case and the time of first investigation and management. ConclusionIn 2017, the epidemic situation of aggregated vomiting and diarrhea in Shanghai mainly occurred in winter and spring and in collective units.Norovirus proved to be the main pathogen.It is imperative to strengthen the surveillance and protection of key areas and personnel.
XIAO Wen-jia, WU Huan-yu, GONG Xiao-huan, LIN Sheng, PAN Hao. Epidemiological characteristics of aggregative vomiting and diarrhea outbreak in Shanghai in 2017[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 505-509. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19409.
2019, 31(6): 510-513
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19243
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate the curative effect of early application of the herbal fumigation on hand-foot syndrome (HFS) induced by capecitabine. MethodsA series of 67 patients with gastrointestinal malignancies receiving capecitabine chemotherapy were randomly divided into two groups.The treatment group (34 patients) was treated with herbal immersion and basic care, while the control group (33 patients) with warm water immersion and basic care.The corresponding treatment was adopted as soon as the chemotherapy with capecitabine was started. ResultsThe incidence and occurrence time of HFS in the treatment group were significantly lower (17.6% vs 42.4%, P=0.027) and later (P=0.032) than that in the control group.The symptoms of pain in the control group were more significant than those in the treatment group (P=0.002).Treatment without herbal immersion (OR=3.280, P=0.040) were independently related to HFS.In the control group, the incidence of HFS in patient taking capecitabine and paclitaxel were significantly higher than those taking capecitabine and oxaliplatine (P=0.047). ConclusionHerbal immersion has preventive and therapeutic effect on hand-foot syndrome caused by capecitabine.
LU Li, YANG Liu. Herbal fumigation applied in prevention and treatment of hand-foot syndrome induced by capecitabine:Obervation on its curative effect[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 510-513. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19243.
2019, 31(6): 514-519
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19383
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo compare and analyze the positive samples of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody screening and immunoblotting tests (WB), and to explore the conformity of the results of screening test and WB confirmation. MethodsAccording to the requirements of National AIDS Testing Technical Specification (2015 edition) of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 289 HIV screening test positive samples in Baoshan District of Shanghai from December 2017 to December 2018 were confirmed by WB method, and the results of screening and confirmation were compared and analyzed.Of them, 286 were ELISA positive, 276 immunoosmosis/chromatography positive and 70 samples of chemiluminescence positive.Both ELISA and immunoosmosis/chromatography tests were negative.The negative samples of ELISA and immunoosmosis/chromatography were detected by immunoblotting (WB). ResultsOf 289 HIV screening test positive samples, 245 (84.78%) were HIV-1 positive, 34 (11.76%) uncertain and 10 (3.46%) negative.The coincidence rates of ELISA, IMC and WB were 85.66% (245/286) and 88.77% (245/276), respectively.There was no significant difference between them (χ2=1.211, P=0.271).The average S/c.o values of positive, uncertain and negative HIV-1 antibodies in WB confirmation test were (24.66±1.37), (20.15±8.06) and (7.96±8.40), respectively.There were significant differences among the three groups (F=137.96, P=0.000).Among 289 screening test positive samples, the S/c.o values of 9 samples were between 1 and 6, and the positive coincidence rate was 11.11%.The S/c.o values of 3 samples were between 7 and 10, and the positive coincidence rate of 2 samples was 66.67%.The S/c.o values of the other 277 samples were all over 10.Of 242 samples were confirmed positive, and the rate of positive coincidence was 87.36%.In HIV-1 positive samples, the probability of simultaneous occurrence of gp160, gp120, gp41, p66 and p24 bands was 95%.Of 70 HIV screening responded positive by chemiluminescent method.In ELISA and immunoosmosis/chromatography negative samples, 51.43% (36/70) were negative by WB; 38.57% (27/70) were one band; 10% (7/70) were two bands. ConclusionHIV screening should be used of highly sensitive and specific reagent, namely antigen and antibody detection at the same time, which can reduce the early missed screening of infection and improve the coincidence with the confirmation results.Because of the influence of samples or certain diseases, false positivity may exist in screening tests, which must be based on the results of antibody confirmation or nucleic acid supplementation tests.HIV antibody confirmation tests, because of the late occurrence of IgG antibodies detected, have the risk of missed screening for early infected persons.It is suggested that there should be a counter-reaction to the initial screening.Those with low S/c.o values (between 1 and 6), negative or uncertain antibody confirmation tests, responding to chemiluminescent HIV screening, negative samples from ELISA and immunoosmosis/chromatography tests, should be followed up by nucleic acid supplementation test or by combination check with epidemiological data.
ZHANG Yue-juan, NI Zheng-ming, WANG Na, LIU Xiao-feng, WANG Cheng-yi, YU Xiao-lei. Positive rate analysis on HIV-1 antibody confirmation in AIDS screening population[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 514-519. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.19383.
2019, 31(6): 520-523
doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.18880
Abstract:
ObjectiveTo evaluate an ion chromatography method for the determination of ammonium ion in ambient air particulate matter (PM2.5). MethodsThe samples of ambient air particles (PM2.5) were collected from the silica fiber filter membrane.The ammonium ions were extracted by ultrasonic extraction and the content of ammonium ions in the samples was tested by ion chromatography.An inhibitory conductivity detector, CS16 cation analysis column and 20% methanesulfonic acid as the fluent were selected for determination.The relative retention time was qualitatively determined and the peak area quantified.Uncertainty was used in the determination of ammonium ion content. ResultsThe ammonium ion was in the range of 0-50 mg/L (r=0.9997).The precision of the method was high (RSD 0%-0.51%).The detection limit was 0.13 mg/L and the lower limit 0.52 mg/L. ConclusionIon chromatography method is easy to operate without the influence of interfering ions, and can be used in special investigation of health influence on population threatened by the national air pollution (fog haze).
XU Jun, LIANG Wei-jiu, XU Hao. Ion chromatography in determination of ammonium ion in PM2.5[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2019, 31(6): 520-523. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2019.18880.
Display Method:
- 2019, 31(6)
- Competent unit: Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning
- Sponsors by:
- Establishment Time: 1989, monthly
- CSSN: ISSN 1004-9231 CN 31-1635/R
Highly Recommented
- Comprehensive geriatric assessment and its application in the healthcare system for the elderly
2019.05.21
