doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2017.04.004

引用本文: 宋夏, 刘弘. 诺如病毒的流行病学研究进展[J]. 上海预防医学, 2017, 29(4): 261-266, 272. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2017.04.004 shu

Citation: Xia SONG, Hong LIU . Epidemiological research progress on norovirus[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2017, 29(4): 261-266, 272. doi: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2017.04.004 shu

诺如病毒的流行病学研究进展

宋夏 ,
刘弘 ^,

作者简介: 宋夏(1991—), 女，医师，硕士;

通讯作者: 刘弘, liuhong@scdc.sh.cn

上海市疾病预防控制中心，上海 200336
基金项目: 上海市卫生和计划生育委员会科研基金资助项目(201440043)

摘要 : 在全世界范围内，诺如病毒是引起非细菌性急性感染性胃肠炎的首要病因，约18%(95%CI：17%～20%)的急性胃肠炎的发病与诺如病毒存在关联，发展中国家急性胃肠炎中诺如病毒的比例较低, 为12%(95%CI：9%～15%)。诺如病毒具有极强的致病性，可通过人传人、食物、饮水、环境等途径进行传播，在全球食源性暴发的比例约占全部诺如病毒暴发的14%。由于诺如病毒引发的疾病往往发病急，传播速度快，涉及范围广，常常在旅游轮船、军队、医院、学校等人群聚集场所中暴发性流行。诺如病毒感染给人们造成了巨大的疾病负担，尤其是对于儿童和老年人。引起诺如病毒感染的基因型主要为GⅡ型，其中占主导地位的主要为GⅡ.4型。日本研究人员发现，引起2016年冬季日本诺如病毒大流行的基因型为一种重组后的新变异株GⅡ.P16-GⅡ.4_Sydney2012。美国诺如病毒暴发监测网络CaliciNet监测显示，2016年9月至2017年1月，GⅡ.P16-GⅡ.4_Sydney2012在所有暴发中所占的比例达到了62%。建立广泛的监测网络对流行的诺如病毒分子分型进行监测，对于研究疫苗、预防控制大规模相关疾病的暴发和发生具有十分重要的意义。

关键词:

English

Epidemiological research progress on norovirus

Xia SONG ,
Hong LIU ^,

Corresponding author: Hong LIU, liuhong@scdc.sh.cn

Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China
Received Date: 2017-02-21
Available Online: 2017-04-20

Abstract: Norovirus is the leading cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Approximately 18%(95%CI:17%-20%) of acute gastroenteritis is associated with norovirus. The rate of acute gastroenteritis attributable to norovirus in developing country is relatively low, which accounts for 12%(95%CI:9%-15%).Norovirus is highly pathogenic.It can be spread via human-to-human transmission, food, drink water, ambient environments, etc.The food-borne outbreaks of norovirus diseases accounts for about 14% of the total outbreaks thereof on a global scale.Norovirus diseases are usually acute, spreading fast and involving wide ranges.They often outbreak among densely-concentrated crowds in tourist ships, military camps, hospitals, schools, etc.Norovirus infection has caused great disease burden to mankind, especially for children and the elderly.The main genotype causing norovirus infection is GⅡ, of which the predominant one is GⅡ.4.Japanese researchers found that the genotype which caused the Japanese norovirus pandemic in Japan in winter of 2016 was a new mutant strain, GⅡ.P16-GⅡ.4_Sydney 2012. The American CaliciNet which monitors norovirus outbreaks showed that from September, 2016 to January, 2017, the rate of the norovirus outbreaks attributable to GⅡ.P16-GⅡ.4_Sydney 2012 accounted for 62% of the total outbreaks thereof. The establishment of a wide range of monitoring networks for the molecular typing of epidemic noroviruses plays a very important role in the studies of relevant vaccines, as well as in the control and prevention of large-scaled outbreaks and occurrence of related diseases.

Key words:

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