Abstract: Vector control is developed from the elimination of the four pests (mosquitoes, flies, rats and cockroaches), but not limited to these four.Since Shanghai Epidemic Prevention Station was established in 1952, the monitoring of mosquitoes, flies and rats has begun.In the 30 years from 1988 to 2018, the number of monitoring points kept increasing; mosquito monitoring covered all subdistrict (towns) with the monitoring of fleas, ticks, bedbugs and other vectors added; and monitoring methods have been becoming more scientific and standardized.With the frequent occurrence of vector-borne diseases such as Dengue fever, with the increase of large-scale activities such as the China International Import Expo, as well as with the increasing demand for healthy living, vector monitoring and control are attracting more and more attention from the government and the public.In response to this demand and concern, a vector monitoring and emergency response system has been established in Shanghai to popularize the standard and quantitative control of vector, improving the effectiveness of vector control, and maintaining vector density at a low level.