Abstract: This article reviews the more than 20-year course of health surveillance in Shanghai with deepening of the Health Care System Reform, after the establishment of the Agency for Public Health Inspection, Shanghai Municipal Health Bureau.It objectively evaluates the work and achievements of health and family planning inspection in the past 20 years in Shanghai and also looks forward to the future, presenting the trend of development on the requirements for public health safety in a super-large city, further promoting improvement of health services, and deepening implementation of law-based administration.