Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and trend of mosquito vectors related to Japanese encephalitis （JE） in Mengla County， and to provide scientific evidence for JE prevention and control.

Methods The JE related mosquito vector monitoring data in Mengla County from 2016 to 2020 were collected and subjected to further statistical analysis.

Results A total of 1 689 mosquitoes were captured at the JE mosquito vector monitoring sites in Mengla County， 36.3% of which were captured in 2020 and 13.3% in 2017. The density of Culex tritaeniorhynchus was the highest （3.04 per lamp per day）， and that of Anopheles sinensis was the lowest （1.03 per lamp per day）. The distribution of mosquito species showed significant difference in the same year. The mosquito density in pig house was 12.93 per lamp∙day， and that in human house was 4.67 per lamp∙day. The mosquito density of different mosquito species in pig house was higher than that in human house. There was no significant difference in the site distribution of Anopheles sinensis， but there were significant differences in the site distribution of Culex tritaeniorhynchus， Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus and other mosquito species. The mosquito density peaked in May （12.78 per lamp per day） and July （10.28 per lamp per day）. The temporal distribution showed that the vector density decreased gradually from May to October， however， the species population structure also varied significantly， and the trends of each mosquito species also varied greatly. In Mengla， Culex tritaeniorhynchus peaked in May.

Conclusion The JE epidemic situation in Mengla County is still severe. It is recommended to strengthen prevention and control in the peak season of mosquito activities， such as actively carrying out patriotic health campaigns， and effective public education. At the same time， we should also strengthen the JE vaccination for school-age children and the training of medical personnel.