Objective To evaluate the field mosquito surveillance efficacy between the black box method and the light trap method.

Methods Eight light traps and eight black boxes were placed in each of the eight field sites in Baoshan District of Shanghai， with a minimum distance of 10 meters between each traps. Surveillance was conducted twice a month from May to September 2023.

Results The total number of mosquitoes （273） and female mosquitoes （228） captured by the black box method were 0.795 and 0.774 times higher than those caught by the light trap method， respectively. There was no statistically significant difference （P>0.05） between the mosquito density （t=1.723 5， P=0.100 2） and the female mosquito density （t=1.805 9， P=0.101 1）， and there was a correlation （P<0.001） between the mosquito density （r=0.942 7） and the female mosquito density （r=0.896 5）. There were no significant differences in the composition ratio of mosquito species（χ²=0.100 1， P>0.05） and female mosquitoes（χ²=0.394 4， P>0.05） captured by black box and light trap methods. In four different habitats， the composition ratios of mosquito species captured by the black box and light trap methods were： hospitals （38.10% and 38.77%） > rural housing areas （36.26% and 37.61%） > parks （14.65% and 12.54%）> urban housing areas （10.99% and 11.08%）， and the composition ratios of female mosquitoes captured by the black box and light trap methods were： rural housing areas （40.35% and 42.52%） > hospitals （37.72% and 36.05%） > parks （13.16% and 13.27%） > urban housing areas （8.77% and 8.16%）. In different habitats， there was no significant difference in the composition ratio of mosquitoes captured by two monitoring methods（χ²=0.5987， P>0.05）， and there was no significant difference in the composition ratio of female mosquitoes（χ²=0.2993， P>0.05）.

Conclusion With widen application and fewer requirements for equipment， operation skills， and use cost the black box method can be interchanged with the light trap method for monitoring mosquito density， especially in disaster areas or remote areas with difficult in having access to electricity.