西藏山南市2022年入园体检儿童视力异常发生状况及其相关因素分析

Analysis of the incidence and relevant factors of visual acuity abnormalities in preschool children undergoing kindergarten entrance physical examinations in Shannan CityXizang2022

  • 摘要:
    目的 了解西藏山南市2022年入园体检儿童视力异常情况及其相关因素,为该地区制定儿童视力保护政策、优化儿童健康服务体系提供科学依据。
    方法 选取2022年在山南市参加入园体检的儿童开展屈光度检查,并对看护人进行问卷调查。采用χ2 检验和二元logistic回归模型分析影响儿童视力异常的因素。
    结果 纳入分析的759名儿童中,儿童视力异常发生率为11.20%。单因素分析结果显示,学龄前儿童视力异常发生率在不同的家庭月收入(χ2 =17.395,P<0.001)和父亲受教育水平(χ2 =5.133,P=0.023)、出生后是否补充维生素A和D(χ2 =9.575,P=0.008)、出生后6个月内喂养方式(χ2 =9.330,P=0.009)的差异有统计学意义。多因素分析结果表明,家庭月收入<5 000元(OR=2.599,P=0.003)、出生后未补充维生素A和D(OR=1.912,P=0.011)、人工喂养(OR=2.131,P=0.010)是儿童视力异常的相关因素。
    结论 山南市区学龄前儿童视力异常发生率略高于以往西藏地区儿童视力异常发生率,儿童视力异常的发生与儿童家庭月收入、出生后有无补充维生素A和D、出生后6个月内喂养方式有关。未来需要通过健康教育等方式切实加强用眼知识的宣传普及,提高儿童父母的眼保健知识水平,关注儿童出生后维生素A和D的及时补充情况及喂养方式,重点关注低收入家庭的儿童视力问题,守护西藏山南市学龄前儿童的视力健康。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To investigate the incidence and relevant factors of visual acuity abnormalities in preschool children undergoing kindergarten entrance physical examinations in Shannan City, Xizang, in 2022, so as to formulate policies for protecting children’s visual acuity and provide a basis for optimizing the children’s health service system in this region.
    Methods A cross sectional study was conducted among the children undergoing kindergarten entrance physical examinations in Shannan City in 2022. A diopter examination was performed for these children, and a questionnaire survey was administered to their caregivers. Additionally, factors affecting children’s visual acuity abnormalities were analyzed using the χ² test and binary logistic regression analysis.
    Results A total of 759 children were included in the analysis, with an incidence rate for visual acuity abnormalities of 11.20%. Univariate analysis showed that statistically significant differences were observed in the incidence rate for visual acuity abnormalities among preschool children in terms of different family monthly income (χ²=17.395, P<0.001), father’s education level (χ²=5.133, P=0.023), postnatal vitamin A and D supplementation (χ²=9.575, P=0.008), and feeding method within the first 6 months after birth (χ²=9.330, P=0.009). Multivariate analysis results indicated that family monthly income <5 000 yuan (OR=2.599, P=0.003), insufficient postnatal vitamin A and D supplementation (OR=1.912, P=0.011), and formula feeding (OR=2.131, P=0.010) were relevant factors for abnormal visual development in children.
    Conclusion The incidence of visual acuity abnormalities in preschool children in Shannan City is slightly higher than that previously reported in other regions of Xizang. The occurrence of visual acuity abnormalities in children is related to factors such as family monthly income, postnatal vitamin A and D supplementation, and feeding method within the first 6 months after birth. Future interventions should be strengthened on the promotion and dissemination of knowledge related to eye use, such as improve parental awareness of eye care, promote timely vitamin A and D supplementation and encourage breast feeding for children after birth, more specifically, attentions need to be focused on the visual acuity problems of children from low-income families to safeguard the visual health in preschool children in Shannan City, Xizang.

     

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