<b>2015</b>—<b>2023</b>监测年上海市宝山区某哨点医院流感样病例流感病毒感染情况

胡永迪; 窦文霞; 向伦辉; 高雅; 刘效峰; 何凡

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2025.24748

2015—2023监测年上海市宝山区某哨点医院流感样病例流感病毒感染情况

Influenza virus infection of influenza-like illness at a sentinel hospital in Baoshan District of Shanghai from the monitoring year of 2015 to 2023

摘要

摘要:
目的了解上海市宝山区哨点医院流感样病例（ILI）流感病毒感染情况，探索流感季节性流行特征，为该区流感防控提供科学依据。
方法通过上海市宝山区流感哨点医院收集的2015—2023监测年ILI监测数据及病原学检测结果，描述该区流感的季节性流行特征。
结果 2015—2023年上海宝山区哨点医院ILI就诊比例呈上升趋势（Z=2.598，P=0.009）。ILI流感病毒阳性率为20.43% （1 761/8 621），其中：甲型流感病毒阳性率为14.17%，甲型H3N2（A/H3N2）病毒阳性率为8.43%，甲型H1N1（A/H1N1）病毒阳性率为5.74%；乙型流感病毒阳性率为6.25%，乙型Victoria（B/Victoria）病毒阳性率为5.35%，乙型Yamagata（B/Yamagata）病毒阳性率为0.90%。2019—2023年未检出B/Yamagata病毒。5~<15岁年龄组阳性率最高，为25.57%。男性ILI阳性率（19.90%）低于女性（20.90%）。该区流感流行模式有3种，2016—2017年和2021—2022年为全年流行，2015—2016年、2017—2018年和2022—2023年有2个高峰，2018—2019年和2019—2020年有1个高峰。不同季节的流感病毒阳性率有差异，夏季和秋季甲型流感病毒阳性率较高，春季和冬季乙型流感病毒阳性率呈上升趋势。
结论上海市宝山区流感流行模式多样化，不同年龄及不同季节呈现不同流行特征，其中5~<15岁人群是流感防控的重点人群，夏秋季需加强A/H3N2病毒防控。

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the influenza virus infection status of influenza-like illness (ILI) at a sentinel hospital in Baoshan District of Shanghai, to explore the seasonal patterns of influenza, so as to provide a scientific basis for influenza prevention and control in Baoshan District of Shanghai.
Methods Surveillance data and pathogenic testing results of ILI from the monitoring year of 2015 to 2023 were collected from the sentinel hospital to describe the seasonal epidemic characteristics of influenza in this district.
Results The proportion of ILI visits to sentinel hospital in Baoshan District of Shanghai showed an upward trend from 2015 to 2023 (Z=2.598, P=0.09). The positive rate of influenza virus in ILI was 20.43% (1 761/8 621), of which 14.17% were positive for influenza A virus, including 8.43% for influenza A/H3N2 and 5.74% for influenza A/H1N1. The positive rate of influenza B virus was 6.25%, of which the positive detection rate of influenza B/Victoria virus was 5.35%, while that of influenza B/Yamagata virus was 0.90%. Influenza B/Yamagata virus was not detected in 2019‒2023. The highest positivity rate was observed in the 5‒<15 years age group (25.57%). The positive rate of ILI was lower in males (19.90%) than that in females (20.90%). There were three patterns of influenza epidemic in the district: with year-round circulation in 2016‒2017 and 2021‒2022; with bimodal peaks in 2015‒2016, 2017‒2018 and 2022‒2023; and with one peak in 2018‒2019 and 2019‒2020. The positive rate of influenza virus exhibited seasonal variations, with influenza A virus predominated in summer and autumn. However, influenza B virus showed an increase in spring and winter.
Conclusion The influenza epidemic in Baoshan District, Shanghai exhibits diverse patterns with heterogeneous epidemiological characteristics across different age groups and seasons. Notably, children and adolescents aged 5‒<15 years constitute the key target population for influenza prevention and control. Enhanced surveillance and targeted control measures against influenza A/H3N2 lineage viruses are particularly warranted during summer and autumn seasons.

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