<b>2017</b>—<b>2022</b>年上海市浦东新区人副流感病毒流行特征

吴荣鑫; 张黎; 叶楚楚; 赵冰; 张戈; 储强

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2025.24770

2017—2022年上海市浦东新区人副流感病毒流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics of human parainfluenza virus in Pudong New Area， Shanghai， 2017‒2022

摘要

摘要:
目的了解上海市浦东新区人副流感病毒（HPIV）流行特征，为浦东新区HPIV感染防控提供依据。
方法以2017—2022年在浦东新区9家哨点医院的发热门诊、儿科门诊、呼吸科门诊、儿科病房、急诊、呼吸科病房、重症监护室（ICU）等监测科室就诊的8 180例急性呼吸道感染（ARI）病例/流感样病例（ILI）为研究对象，采集其鼻/咽拭子样本，用聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测流感病毒、人腺病毒、人副流感病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、人肠道病毒、鼻病毒等呼吸道病毒，分析HPIV的血清型，比较不同时间、季节及不同特征对象的HPIV检出率。
结果 2017—2022年浦东新区ARI病例/ILI的HPIV检出率为3.73%（305/8 180），HPIV⁃3为主要血清型。2017—2022年HPIV检出率大幅下降。2017年HPIV检出率最高，为7.66%（99/1 293）；2021年HPIV检出率最低，为0.80%（13/1 617）。不同年份的HPIV检出率差异有统计学意义（χ²_趋势=80.037，P_趋势<0.001）。2017—2019年的HPIV检出率高于2020—2022年（χ²_趋势=38.990，P_趋势<0.001）。2017—2019年夏秋季的HPIV检出率较春冬季高，2020—2022年HPIV检出率无季节流行特点。低龄儿童（0 $~$ <6岁）的HPIV检出率最高，为7.07%（139/1 967），其次是老年人（60岁及以上），为4.78%（85/1 779）。不同年龄组的HPIV检出率差异有统计学意义（χ²=111.210，P<0.001）。感染HPIV的低龄儿童临床症状以咳嗽、发热、流涕为主，学龄儿童以发热、咳嗽、咽喉痛为主，成年人以发热、咳嗽及咽喉痛为主，老年人以咳嗽、咳痰及发热为主。
结论 2017—2022年浦东新区HPIV检出率较低。受传染病疫情影响，2020—2022年浦东新区HPIV无季节流行特点。低龄儿童和老年人是HPIV防控的重点人群。

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) in Pudong New Area, Shanghai, and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of HPIV infections in this area.
Methods A total of 8 180 cases with acute respiratory infection (ARI)/influenza-like illness (ILI) attending the fever outpatient clinics, pediatric outpatient clinics, respiratory outpatient clinics, pediatric wards, emergency departments, respiratory wards, and intensive care units (ICUs) and other monitoring departments in 9 sentinel hospitals in Pudong New Area from 2017 to 2022 were selected as the research subjects, and their nasopharyngeal/ throat swabs were collected. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was performed for testing the respiratory virus such as influenza virus, human adenovirus, human parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human enterovirus, rhinovirus, et al. HPIV serotypes were analyzed, and the detection rates of HPIV were compared between different times, seasons, and population groups.
Results The overall HPIV detection rate of ARI/ILI cases in Pudong New Area was 3.73% (305/8 180) in 2017‒2022, with HPIV-3 being the predominant serotype. The detection rate of HPIV decreased significantly in 2017‒2022, peaking at 7.66% (99/1 293) in 2017 and falling to 0.80% (13/1 617) in 2021. Statistically significant differences were observed in HPIV detection rates across different years (χ²_trend=80.037, P_trend<0.001). The detection rate was higher in 2017‒2019 than that in 2020‒2022 (χ²_trend=38.990, P_trend<0.001). HPIV exhibited seasonal patterns in 2017‒2019, with higher detection rates in summer and autumn and lower in spring and winter, whereas no seasonal patterns were observed in 2020‒2022. Children aged <6 years had the highest detection rate (7.07%, 139/1 967), followed by adults aged ≥60 years (4.78%, 85/1 779). Statistically significant differences were observed in the detection rates of HPIV among different age groups (χ²=111.210, P<0.001). Symptoms of HPIV infection were predominantly cough, fever, and runny nose in pre-school children, fever, cough, and sore throat in school-age children, and adults, and cough, expectoration, and fever in the elderly.
Conclusion The HPIV detection rate in Pudong New Area was low in 2017‒2022. The seasonal pattern of HPIV circulation in Pudong New Area disappeared in 2020‒2022 due to the influence of infectious disease epidemics. Young children and the elderly should be prioritized in HPIV prevention and control efforts.

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