上海两社区既往感染人群长新冠流行特征及其影响因素研究

Study on the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of long COVID among previously infected individuals in two communities in Shanghai

  • 摘要:
    目的 调查上海两社区内2022年3—6月期间感染新型冠状病毒的人群,分析长新冠的流行特征,并探讨其主要影响因素,为进一步的长新冠机制研究和临床治疗研究打下基础,为制定廉价、便捷、可行的长新冠预防和干预措施提供依据。
    方法 采用横断面研究设计,纳入6 410名新型冠状病毒感染者。研究数据通过问卷调查收集,分析长新冠症状的发生率、常见症状及其与患者的人口统计学特征、个人疾病史、行为因素等之间的关联。采用logistic回归模型评估影响长新冠症状的主要因素。
    结果 在研究样本中,长新冠的总体发生率为13.9%。最常见的症状包括疲劳(65.1%)、注意力障碍(23.1%)、咳嗽(16.9%)等。患有基础疾病(OR=2.580,95%CI:2.165~3.074)、有过敏史(OR=1.418,95%CI:1.003~1.971)、当下吸烟(OR=1.461,95%CI:1.013~2.079)、曾经吸烟(OR=2.462,95%CI:1.687~3.551)、急性期症状数量更多[1个症状(OR=1.778,95%CI:1.459~2.162);2个症状(OR=2.749,95%CI:2.209~3.409);≥3个症状(OR=7.792,95%CI:6.333~9.593)]、急性期症状更严重(OR=1.082,95%CI:1.070~1.094)的新型冠状病毒感染者更易出现长新冠症状。此外,过去一年有饮酒史者(OR=1.914,95%CI:1.344~2.684)更容易出现客观类长新冠症状;在<50岁人群中,女性(OR=1.427,95%CI:1.052~1.943)更容易出现客观类长新冠症状。
    结论 本研究明确了长新冠症状的多样性,包括疲劳、注意力障碍、咳嗽、关节痛等累及多器官和多系统的症状,发现了长新冠与人口统计学特征(如年龄、性别等)、个人疾病史(如基础疾病、过敏史等)、急性期情况(如急性期症状数量、急性期严重程度等)、行为因素(如吸烟、饮酒等)的关联,表明了对长新冠进一步研究和监测的必要性。研究结果有助于为特定人群提供更具针对性的健康管理策略。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of long COVID and to investigate its main influencing factors by examining individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 between March and June 2022 in two communities in Shanghai, to lay the foundation for further research on the mechanism and clinical treatment of long COVID, and to provide the basis for the development of inexpensive, convenient, and feasible prevention and intervention strategies.
    Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, enrolling 6 410 individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey. The incidence and common symptoms of long COVID were analyzed, along with their associations with demographic characteristics, medical history, and behavioral factors. A logistic regression model was used to identify the major factors associated with the development of long COVID symptoms.
    Results The overall incidence rate of long COVID among the study population was 13.9%. The most commonly reported symptoms included fatigue (65.1%), attention disorders (23.1%), and cough (16.9%). The analysis showed that having underlying chronic diseases (OR=2.580, 95%CI: 2.165‒3.074), a history of allergies (OR=1.418, 95%CI: 1.003‒1.971), current smoking (OR=1.461, 95%CI: 1.013‒2.079), ever smoking (OR=2.462, 95%CI: 1.687‒3.551), a greater number of symptoms during the acute phase 1 symptom (OR=1.778, 95%CI: 1.459‒2.162), 2 symptoms (OR=2.749, 95%CI: 2.209‒3.409), ≥3 symptoms (OR=7.792, 95%CI: 6.333‒9.593) and aggravated symptoms during the acute phase (OR=1.082, 95%CI: 1.070‒1.094) were factors associated with a higher risk of developing long COVID symptoms. Additionally, individuals who had consumed alcohol in the past year (OR=1.914, 95%CI: 1.344‒2.684) were more prone to objective long COVID symptoms. Among individuals under 50 years of age, females (OR=1.427, 95%CI: 1.052‒1.943) were more likely to develop objective long COVID symptoms.
    Conclusion This study has identified the diversity of long COVID symptoms, which involve multiple organs and systems, including fatigue, attention disorders, cough, and joint pain. It has also revealed associations between long COVID and various demographic factors (e.g., age, gender), personal medical history (e.g., underlying chronic diseases, history of allergies), acute-phase characteristics (e.g., number and severity of symptoms), and behavioral factors (e.g., smoking, alcohol consumption). These findings highlight the need for further research and ongoing surveillance of long COVID and may inform the development of more targeted health management strategies for specific populations.

     

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