上海市动物源性食品中全氟化合物污染健康风险评估

谷臣琳; 杨京津; 罗宝章; 邱丹萍; 刘弘; 蔡华

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2025.25044

上海市动物源性食品中全氟化合物污染健康风险评估

Health risk assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances contamination in animal-derived foods in Shanghai

摘要

摘要:
目的对上海市动物源性食品中全氟化合物的污染现状进行分析，评估当地居民全氟化合物（PFAS）的膳食暴露风险，为食品安全和风险管理提供科学依据。
方法收集2023年上海市常见动物源性食品样品300件并检测17种PFAS，结合上海市居民膳食消费量，使用联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织推荐的暴露评估模型计算4种PFAS的每周暴露量（EWI）。将EWI与欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）推荐的PFAS每周可耐受摄入量（TWI）进行比较，评估居民膳食摄入PFAS的健康风险。
结果水产类食品主要检出全氟十一烷羧酸（PFUnDA）（98.67%）、全氟十三烷羧酸（PFTrDA）（98.00%）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）（95.33%），其中PFUnDA质量分数中位数最高（0.378 ng·g^-1）。肉类主要检出全氟丁烷羧酸（PFBA）（54.17%）、全氟辛烷羧酸（PFOA）（20.83%）和全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）（18.33%），其中PFBA的质量分数中位数最高（0.027 ng·g^-1）。蛋类主要检出PFBA（90.00%）、PFOA（63.33%）、PFOS（50.00%）、全氟癸烷羧酸（PFDA）（50.00%）、全氟壬烷羧酸（PFNA）（50.00%）和全氟十六烷羧酸（PFHxDA）（50.00%），其中PFBA的质量分数中位数最高（0.068 ng·g^-1）。水产类食品中4种PFAS（PFOA、PFOS、PFNA、PFHxS）质量分数的中位数均高于肉类和蛋类食品（均P<0.001）；不同种类的水产类食品4种PFAS质量分数的中位数差异有统计学意义（均P<0.05）。上海市居民对上述4种PFAS平均消费量和高消费量的EWI分别为2.970和6.676 ng·kg^-1，女性人群的EWI高于男性。
结论 PFOS、PFOA和PFBA是上海市居民动物源性食品中的主要污染物，水产类食品的PFAS污染水平最高。上海市居民对4种PFAS平均消费量的EWI均未超过EFSA推荐的TWI值，而高消费量的EWI均超过EFSA推荐的TWI值，高消费量人群存在一定的健康风险。水产类食品对PFAS的膳食摄入贡献最大。后续需进一步加强水产类食品PFAS的监测和高消费量人群的风险评估。

Abstract:
Objective To analyze the current status of per⁃ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) contamination in animal⁃derived foods in Shanghai and to assess the risk of dietary exposure among local residents, thereby providing a scientific basis for future dietary safety and risk management.
Methods A total of 300 commonly consumed animal⁃derived food samples were collected in Shanghai in 2023 and tested for 17 types of PFASs. Based on local dietary consumption data, the weekly exposure intake (EWI) of four representative PFASs was calculated using the exposure assessment model recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The calculated EWI was compared with the tolerable weekly intake (TWI) set by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) to assess the health risks associated with dietary intake of PFASs.
Results The predominant PFASs detected in aquatic products were PFUnDA (98.67%), PFTrDA (98.00%), and PFOS (95.33%), with PFUnDA having the highest median mass fraction (0.378 ng·g^-1). In meat samples, PFBA (54.17%), PFOA (20.83%), and PFOS (18.33%) were mainly detected, with PFBA showing the highest median mass fraction (0.027 ng·g^-1). In egg samples, the most frequently detected compounds were PFBA (90.00%), PFOA (63.33%), PFOS (50.00%), PFDA (50.00%), PFNA (50.00%), and PFHxDA (50.00%), with PFBA again having the highest median mass fraction (0.068 ng·g^-1). The median mass fractions of the four key PFASs (PFOA, PFOS, PFNA, and PFHxS) in aquatic products were significantly higher than those in meat products and eggs (all P<0.001), and there were statistically significant differences in the median mass fractions of the four PFASs among different types of aquatic products (all P<0.05). The EWI of the four PFASs was 2.970 ng·kg^-1 for the mean consumption group and 6.676 ng·kg^-1 for the high consumption group (P₉₅), with females having higher EWI values than males.
Conclusion PFOS, PFOA, and PFBA are the major PFAS contaminants in animal⁃derived foods consumed by Shanghai residents, with aquatic products having the highest levels of contamination. The EWIs of four PFASs among Shanghai residents did not exceed EFSA’s recommended TWI at average consumption levels. However, the EWIs for high⁃consumption populations exceeded the EFSA⁃recommended TWI, posing potential health risks to these populations. Aquatic products contribute the most to dietary PFAS exposure. It is necessary to strengthen PFAS monitoring in aquatic products and conduct targeted risk assessments for high⁃consumption groups.

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