2022—2023年上海市孕妇膳食赭曲霉素A暴露评估

李凯琳; 齐人杰; 蔡华; 宋夏; 杨京津; 邱丹萍; 朱珍妮; 何懿; 罗宝章; 刘弘

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2026.250090

2022—2023年上海市孕妇膳食赭曲霉素A暴露评估

Assessment of ochratoxin A exposure in the diets of pregnant women in Shanghai,2022–2023

摘要

摘要: 【目的】了解2022—2023年上海市市售食品中赭曲霉素A（OTA）的污染状况，结合孕妇群体膳食消费数据，评估孕妇群体中的OTA暴露水平及非致癌性、致癌性风险。【方法】采用液相色谱串联质谱法测定2022年和2023年上海市采集的1 520份食品样本的OTA污染水平。基于2016—2017年上海市孕妇膳食监测调查的孕妇食物消费水平，建立暴露量评估模型，计算OTA暴露的每日摄入量（EDI）、非致癌毒性暴露限值(MOE₁)和致癌毒性暴露限值(MOE₂)。OTA污染水平低于检出限（LOD）/未检出的样品比例>60%且≤80%，对这些样品的OTA污染水平分别赋0值和LOD进行后续计算。【结果】2022年采集的谷类、坚果、水果、酒类样品的OTA检出率分别为2.03%、0、0、0。2023年采集的谷类、坚果、水果、豆类、酒类样品的OTA检出率分别为2.50%、0.39%、2.47%、1.67%、13.33%。经模拟，赋0值和LOD时，2022年上海市孕妇膳食OTA暴露EDI的P₅₀分别为0.05和0.72 ng·（kg·d）^-1，P₉₅为0.25和2.40 ng·（kg·d）^-1，2023年上海市孕妇膳食OTA暴露EDI的P₅₀分别为0.04和1.00 ng·（kg·d）^-1，P₉₅为0.23 和2.67 ng·（kg·d）^-1，远低于OTA的每日耐受量（TDI）17 ng·（kg·d）^-1。100.0% 的上海市孕妇膳食OTA暴露的EDI均﹤TDI，上海市孕妇膳食OTA暴露的EDI整体处于较低水平。100.0%的孕妇膳食OTA暴露的MOE₁>200。赋0值时，2022和2023年100.0%的孕妇MOE₂均>10 000；赋LOD时，2022和2023年分别有72.3%和81.8%的孕妇MOE₂>10 000。【结论】2022—2023年上海市市售谷类、坚果、水果、豆类和酒类食品样品存在不同程度的OTA污染，上海市孕妇膳食OTA暴露的EDI整体处于较低水平，OTA暴露的非致癌性和致癌性风险整体较低且处于可控水平。

Abstract: Objective To investigate the contamination status of ochratoxin A (OTA) in commercially available food products in Shanghai during 2022–2023, and to assess OTA exposure levels and non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks among pregnant women by integrating dietary consumption data for this population. Methods The levels of OTA contamination in 1 520 food samples collected in Shanghai during 2022 and 2023 were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. An exposure assessment model was developed based on the dietary consumption levels of pregnant women from the 2016–2017 Shanghai Pregnant Women Dietary Monitoring Survey. This model calculated the estimated daily intake (EDI) of OTA, the margin of exposure for nonneoplastic toxicity (MOE₁), and the margin of exposure for neoplastic toxicity (MOE₂). For samples where OTA contamination levels were below the limit of detection (LOD)/not detected (ND), representing a proportion >60% and ≤80%, subsequent calculations assigned values of 0 and LOD respectively to these samples. Results The detection rates of OTA in cereals, nuts, fruits, and alcohol samples collected in 2022 were 2.03%, 0, and 0, respectively. In 2023, the detection rates for cereals, nuts, fruits, beans, and alcohol samples were 2.50%, 0.39%, 2.47%, 1.67%, and 13.33%, respectively. Simulation results indicate that when assigning a value of 0 and the LOD, the P₅₀ values for the EDI to OTA in pregnant women in Shanghai in 2022 were 0.05 and 0.72 ng·(kg·d) ^-1 respectively, with P₉₅ values of 0.25 and 2.40 ng·(kg·d) ^-1. For 2023, the P₅₀ values of the EDI for dietary OTA exposure among pregnant women in Shanghai were 0.04 and 1.00 ng·(kg·d) ^-1, with P₉₅ values of 0.23 and 2.67 ng·(kg·d) ^-1, respectively, both substantially below the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for OTA 17 ng·(kg·d) ^-1. The EDI for dietary OTA exposure in 100.0% of Shanghai pregnant women was <TDI, indicating an overall low level of dietary OTA exposure among this population. For 100.0% of pregnant women, the MOE₁ for dietary OTA exposure exceeded 200. When assigning a value of 0, the MOE₂ for 100.0% of pregnant women in both 2022 and 2023 exceeded 10 000. When assigning the LOD value, 72.3% and 81.8% of pregnant women in 2022 and 2023 respectively had an MOE₂ exceeding 10 000. Conclusion In 2022–2023, samples of cereals, nuts, fruits, beans, and alcohol sold in Shanghai exhibited varying degrees of OTA contamination. The overall EDI of OTA among pregnant women in Shanghai remained at a low level. The nonneoplastic and neoplastic risks associated with OTA exposure were generally low and remained within manageable limits.

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