Abstract: Objective: This study aims to systematically assess the public health governance capabilities of Zhejiang Province and to conduct an in-depth analysis of its strengths and weaknesses, providing scientific basis and strategic recommendations for further enhancement. Method: A systematic collection of policy documents, public information reports, and research literature related to public health governance capacity in Zhejiang Province from 2002 to 2023 was conducted. This was based on evaluation standards suitable for public health systems developed by the research team, encompassing a total of 1,263 documents、 138 pieces of information reports, 631 documents. The study assessed the basic status and changes in public health governance capacity, using a normative gap analysis to identify strengths and weaknesses. Results: Zhejiang Province ranks 4th nationwide in terms of public health governance capacity with a score of 733.4, outperforming its ranking in per capita GDP. The province has effectively implemented the principle of "health first" (scoring 698.5 in the assessment of health-first strategy implementation) and attached sufficient importance to health-related goals (scoring 658.2 in the scientific rationality of goal setting). However, there is room for improvement in two aspects: first, the implementation of inter-departmental coordination and influence mechanisms (with scores of only 371.1, 178.7, and 144.0 respectively for the feasibility level of coordination and incentive mechanisms, and the feasibility level of management and monitoring mechanisms); second, the health-oriented incentive mechanisms, which need to be strengthened (scoring 286.0 in the coverage level of incentive mechanisms). Conclusion: The advantage of public health talent in Zhejiang Province has been continuously strengthened, and the utilization of public health data has been highly integrated. However, there are still issues such as the lack of incentives related to public health and unclear division of responsibilities among various departments. It is necessary to enhance the normalization of cross-departmental coordination mechanisms and improve incentive mechanisms oriented towards health goals, in order to achieve the goal of "building one of the safest provinces in public health" at an early date.