百日健走活动对职业人群身体健康指标的影响

Impact of 100-day walking activity on the physical health indicators of the occupational population

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 评估百日健走活动对职业人群多项身体健康指标的影响，为健康管理和慢性病防控提供科学依据。
    方法 采用前瞻性调查设计，选取2024年参加“万步有约”活动的534名上海市徐汇区职业人群为研究对象，开展为期100 d的健走活动。分别在健走活动前后测量参与者的体重指数（BMI）、血压、脂肪量、肌肉量、腰围和臀围等身体健康指标，并使用SPSS 23.0软件进行配对t检验和广义线性模型分析，评估日均步数和运动处方完成率对健康指标变化的影响；使用R 4.4.3进行线性回归模型绘制。
    结果 活动后，研究对象的身体健康指标发生改善：BMI降低（0.60±1.36） kg∙m-²（P<0.01），收缩压降低（3.29±16.65） mmHg（P<0.01），舒张压降低（2.26±12.15） mmHg（P<0.01），脂肪量减少（0.66±6.17） kg（P<0.05），肌肉量增加（1.52±11.83）kg（P<0.01）。多因素分析提示，处方完成率处于高水平（≥80%）与舒张压降低呈正相关（b=2.463，95%CI：0.28~4.65）。线性回归分析进一步表明，日均步数与收缩压变化（F=12.45，P=0.005）及舒张压变化（F=14.67，P=0.001）均呈负相关。剂量反应关系显示，日均步数每增加8 049步（从6 065步增至14 114步），收缩压下降值及其95%CI为2.69（1.19~4.19） mmHg，舒张压下降为2.12（1.03~3.21） mmHg。
    结论 百日健走活动能有效改善职业人群的BMI、血压与肌肉含量，日均10 000~12 999步健康收益最为显著，高处方完成率人群的舒张压改善效果佳。健走为职业人群提供了一种简便、低成本且可持续的健康策略。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To evaluate the impact of a 100-day walking activity on multiple physical health indicators among an occupational population, thereby providing a scientific basis for health management and the prevention and control of chronic diseases.
    Methods A prospective study involving 534 occupational individuals who joined the “10 000 Steps a Day” initiative in 2024 from Xuhui District of Shanghai,was conducted. A 100-day walking compaign was launched. Physical health indicators, including body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, fat mass, muscle mass, waist circumference, and hip circumference, were measured before and after the compaign. Paired t-tests and generalized linear models were performed using SPSS 23.0 software to assess the impact of average daily steps and exercise prescription completion rate on changes in health indicators. Linear regression modeling was conducted using R 4.4.3.
    Results Significant improvements were observed for physical health indicators post-intervention: BMI decreased by (0.60±1.36) kg∙m-² (P<0.01), systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased by (3.29±16.65) mmHg (P<0.01), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreased by (2.26±12.15) mmHg (P<0.01), fat mass decreased by (0.66±6.17) kg (P<0.05), and muscle mass increased by (1.52±11.83) kg (P<0.01). Multivariate analyses indicated that a high prescription completion rate (≥80%) was positively correlated with declined DBP (b=2.463, 95%CI: 0.28‒4.65). Linear regression further demonstrated a negative correlation between average daily steps and changes in both SBP (F=12.45, P=0.005) and DBP (F=14.67, P=0.001). A dose-response relationship indicated that for every increase of 8 049 daily steps (from 6 065 to 14 114 steps), SBP decreased by an additional 2.69 mmHg (95%CI: 1.19-4.19 mmHg), and DBP decreased by an additional 2.12 mmHg (95%CI: 1.03-3.21 mmHg).
    Conclusion The 100-day walking activity effectively improved BMI, blood pressure, and muscle mass among occupational groups. An “optimal range” of 10 000‒12 999 steps per day was identified to gain the most significant health benefits, and individuals with high prescription adherence demonstrated pronounced improvements in DBP. Walking provides a simple, low-cost, and sustainable health intervention strategy for occupational populations.

     

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