Abstract: Orthoses, as important assistive devices in modern rehabilitation medicine, are witnessing growing market demand due to the accelerating global population aging. Advances in new materials, bionic control, three-dimensional (3D) printing, artificial intelligence and other cutting-edge technologies, coupled with renewed understanding of treating neurological, muscular and skeletal movement disorders, have driven rapid progress in orthotic design, manufacturing, and clinical application. People are increasingly aware that orthotics play an indispensable role in the rehabilitation therapy of people with limb disabilities. This article systematically reviews the development history of orthosis at home and abroad, spanning from the introduction of national policies and regulations to the promotion of technological innovation, industrial development, and practical application. From serving as key tools in the field of rehabilitation medicine to becoming important technical means in community preventive medicine, orthoses have demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing the sequelae of conventional diseases such as stroke and fractures, as well as in managing the health of adolescents with scoliosis. The orthotics industry is poised for broader development propects in the furture.