Abstract: Objective To understand the incidence and spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of typhus fever in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province from 2005 to 2023, to identify high-risk populations and regions, so as to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the allocation of local prevention and control resources and developing targeted intervention measures. Methods Data of typhus fever cases in Baoshan City from 2005 to 2023 were obtained from the Infectious Disease Information Management System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, spatial and demographic distribution of typhus cases. Spatial clustering was assessed using spatial dynamic window scan statistics (circular and elliptical windows), flexible spatial scan statistics, and local spatial autocorrelation methods (including local Moran’s I, local Geary’s C, and Getis-Ord Gi*). Retrospective spatiotemporal scan statistics were employed to detect spatiotemporal clusters. Results A total of 1 099 typhus cases were reported in Baoshan City from 2005 to 2023. The overall incidence showed a fluctuating trend, characterized by an initial peak,followed by a decline, and subsequently a rebound,. The peak incidence occurred in 2007 (6.31/ 100 000) , dropping to the lowest level in 2015 (0.21/ 100 000), and showing a resurgence from 2016 to 2023. The highest incidence was observed among children under 10 years of age (31.12%), and the top three occupations of cases were farmers, students, and children, accounting for 88.62% of all cases. Cases occurred predominantly between June and September each year. The incidence was relatively high in Jiucheng Town (62.58 / 100 000), Yaoguan Town (57.15 /100 000), and Dianyuan Town (46.81/ 100 000) in Shidian County. Spatial clustering analyses indicated that high-risk areas were mainly located in the southern part of Baoshan City, with a trend of shifting from south to north shift over time. Spatiotemporal scan analyses detected six clusters, with the most likely cluster centered on Yaoguan Town, covering ten towns (streets), and occurring between 2007 and 2010. Conclusion: Typhus in Baoshan City exhibits clear seasonality and spatial clustering. The peak incidence occurs in summer and autumn, with cases primarily distributed in the southern part of Baoshan City, especially in towns of Shidian County such asYaoguan Town, Wanxing Town, Dianyang Town and Heyuan Town. and . High-risk clustering areas show a northward shift over time. Farmers, students, and children are identified as high-risk groups.