Abstract: Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human brucellosis in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, and to provide scientific evidence for adjusting prevention and control strategies. Methods Based on the surveillance data of reported brucellosis cases in Baoshan City from 2020 to 2023 and the information collected through individual epidemiological questionnaires, the epidemic status and case characteristics of brucellosis in Baoshan City were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods. Results A total of 85 brucellosis cases were reported in Baoshan City from 2020 to 2023, and detailed individual information was obtained for 83 of them. Human brucellosis in Baoshan City showed a clear seasonal pattern, with peak incidence from May to September. The average annual incidence rate was 0.80/ 100 000, with a male-to-female ratio of 7.5:1. 82.35% of the cases aged 30–60 years, with farmers being the predominant affected group. The main clinical manifestations of the cases were myalgia and arthralgia. Regarding transmission routes, 87.95% of the cases had a contact history with cattle, with livestock rearing and grazing being the main exposure modes. Most infections occurred at home. Conclusion From 2020 to 2023, the incidence of brucellosis in Baoshan City exhibited a fluctuating upward trend, with a peak period from May to September. Males and farmers were identified as the primary affected populations. It is recommended to strengthen inter-animal monitoring and control, and to enhance both awareness and self-protection capacity among high-risk groups.