<b>2024</b>年宁波市市售食用植物油中玉米赤霉烯酮健康风险评估

郭延波; 周健; 高华; 丁克琴

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2026.250339

2024年宁波市市售食用植物油中玉米赤霉烯酮健康风险评估

Health risk assessment of zearalenone in commercially edible vegetable oils in Ningbo City in 2024

摘要

摘要:
目的了解宁波市市售食用植物油中玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）的污染水平，并评估其对宁波市居民的健康风险。
方法 2024年共采集330份该市市售食用植物油样本（花生油、玉米油及橄榄油各50份，菜籽油及调和油各40份，大豆油、稻米油及葵花籽油各30份和茶油10份），采用GB 5009.209—2016《食品安全国家标准食品中玉米赤霉烯酮的测定》第一法即液相色谱法对样本中ZEN进行检测，并分析其污染状况；同时结合居民膳食消费量数据，采用蒙特卡洛（Monte Carlo）模拟法对食用植物油中ZEN的健康风险进行评估。
结果 330份市售食用植物油样本中有267份检出ZEN，总检出率为80.91%；ZEN检出量的第50百分位数（P₅₀）及第25、75百分位数（P₂₅，P₇₅）为2.02（0.37，17.90） μg·kg^-1，最高值为342.00 μg·kg^-1；玉米油、花生油和调和油中ZEN检出率均为100.00%。宁波市居民通过食用植物油摄入ZEN的日平均暴露量（P₅₀）和日高暴露量（P₉₅）分别为0.001 μg·kg^-1（以体重计，后同）和0.060 μg·kg^-1，但有1.22%的宁波市居民通过食用植物油摄入ZEN的日暴露量大于每日耐受摄入量（TDI，0.25 μg·kg^-1）；日平均暴露量（P₅₀）和日高暴露量（P₉₅）的风险熵（HQ）分别为0.004和0.020，均远小于1；但宁波市居民食用植物油摄入ZEN存在健康风险的概率仍有1.02%。
结论宁波市市售食用植物油存在ZEN污染，宁波市居民食用植物油摄入ZEN暴露量大于TDI的概率较低，且引起的健康风险概率也较低，即总体上健康风险不明显。

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the contamination levels of zearalenone (ZEN) in commercially available edible vegetable oils in Ningbo City and to assess its health risks to local residents.
Methods A total of 330 samples of commercially available edible vegetable oil samples (50 each of peanut oil, corn oil, and olive oil; 40 each of rapeseed oil and blended oil; 30 each of soybean oil, rice oil, and sunflower seed oil; and 10 of camellia oil) were collected in 2024. The samples were tested for ZEN using the first method specified in GB 5009.209‒2016 National Food Safety Standard―Determination of Zearalenone in Food, namely the liquid chromatography method, and the contamination status was analyzed. Additionally, combined with dietary consumption data of residents, the Monte Carlo simulation method was employed to evaluate the health risks of ZEN in edible vegetable oils.
Results ZEN was detected in 267 out of 330 samples, with a detection rate of 80.91%, and the median (P₅₀) and the 25th, 75th percentiles (P₂₅, P₇₅) of ZEN concentrations were 2.02 (0.37, 17.90) μg·kg^-1, with a maximum value of 342.00 μg·kg^-1. The ZEN detection rates in corn oil, peanut oil, and blended oil were all 100.00%. The daily average exposure (P₅₀) and daily high exposure (P₉₅) to ZEN via edible vegetable oils among Ningbo residents were 0.001 μg·kg^-1 (normalized to body weight, same below) and 0.060 μg·kg^-1, respectively. However, 1.22% of Ningbo residents had a daily ZEN exposure exceeding the tolerable daily intake (TDI) of 0.25 μg·kg^-1. The hazard quotients (HQ) for the daily average exposure (P₅₀) and daily high exposure (P₉₅) levels were 0.004 and 0.020, respectively, both substantially below 1. Nevertheless, the probability of health risk for Ningbo residents due to ZEN exposure from vegetable oil consumption remained at 1.02%.
Conclusion Edible vegetable oils in Ningbo City were contaminated with ZEN, but the probability of ZEN exposure exceeding the TDI through edible vegetable oils was relatively low, and the associated health risk probability were also minimal, indicating an overall insignificant health risk.

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