<b>2013</b>—<b>2022</b>年浙江省余姚市老年人伤害死亡的流行病学特征

胡碧波; 史珊珊; 王力锋

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2026.250368

2013—2022年浙江省余姚市老年人伤害死亡的流行病学特征

Analyses of the epidemiological characteristics of injury-related deaths among the elderly in Yuyao City of Zhejiang Province from 2013 to 2022

摘要

摘要:
目的分析余姚市老年人伤害死亡原因及死亡变化趋势，为制定老年人伤害防控策略提供科学依据。
方法收集2013—2022年余姚市≥60岁老年人伤害死亡病例，分析老年人伤害死亡率、标化死亡率、年龄别死亡率、年度变化百分比（APC）、平均年度变化百分比（AAPC）等流行病学特征。
结果余姚市≥60岁老年人伤害粗死亡率为263.90/10万，标化死亡率为131.21/10万，且2013— 2020年标化死亡率下降趋势有统计学意义（APC=-3.17%，P=0.017）。老年男性、女性人群的伤害标化死亡率分别是154.74/10万、134.46/10万，老年女性人群伤害标化死亡率呈先降后升趋势（APC_2013—2020=-5.14%，APC_2021—2022=22.86%，均P<0.05）。老年人伤害死因前5位依次为意外跌倒、机动车交通伤害、溺水、意外窒息和自杀，占老年人伤害总死亡的74.78%。前5位伤害死亡原因中，意外跌倒、机动车交通伤害、意外窒息均随年龄增长而上升（χ²_趋势分别为8315.40、25.12、37.26，均P<0.001）；分析年度变化趋势发现，意外跌倒呈上升趋势（AAPC=4.97%，P=0.013），自杀呈下降趋势（AAPC=-14.87%，P<0.001）。
结论 2013—2022年余姚市≥60岁老年人伤害死亡负担较重，尤其以意外跌倒、机动车交通伤害、溺水、意外窒息和自杀为主，亟须制定相应的针对性伤害防控策略及措施，以降低老年人意外伤害死亡风险。

Abstract:
Objective To analyze the causes and trends of injury-related mortality among elderly residents in Yuyao City, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for injury-related deaths among the elderly.
Methods Data on injury-related deaths among elderly residents aged 60 years old and above in Yuyao City from 2013 to 2022 were collected. The epidemiological characteristics were analyzed, including the crude mortality rates, standardized mortality rates, age-specific mortality rates, annual percent change (APC), and average annual percent change (AAPC).
Results The crude mortality rate of injury among elderly people aged 60 years old and above in Yuyao City was 263.90/100 000, with a standardized mortality rate of 131.21/100 000. A statistically significant decreasing trend in standardized mortality was observed from 2013 to 2020 (APC=-3.17%, P=0.017). The standardized mortality rates of injury for elderly males and females were 154.74/100 000 and 134.46/100 000, respectively. Among elderly females, the standardized mortality rate of injury initially decreased and then increased (APC_2013—2020=-5.14%, APC_2021—2022=22.86%, both P<0.05). The top five causes for injury-related deaths among the elderly were accidental falls, traffic injuries from motor vehicles, drowning, accidental asphyxia, and suicide, accounting for 74.78% of all injury-related deaths among the elderly. Among these top five causes, mortality rates due to accidental falls, motor vehicle traffic injuries, and accidental asphyxia all increased significantly with age (χ_trend²=8 315.40, 25.12, and 37.26, respectively; all P<0.001). Analyses of the annual trends showed a significant increase in deaths caused by accidental falls (AAPC=4.97%, P=0.013) and a significant decrease in deaths caused by suicide (AAPC=-14.87%, P<0.001).
Conclusion From 2013 to 2022, the injury-related mortality burden among adults aged 60 years old and above in Yuyao City remained considerable, primarily caused by accidental falls, motor vehicle traffic injuries, drowning, accidental asphyxia, and suicide. There is an urgent need to develop targeted injury prevention strategies and measures to reduce the risk of unintentional injury deaths among the elderly.

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