上海市松江区噪声作业工人高血压及心电图异常的影响因素

Influencing factors for hypertension and abnormal electrocardiogram in workers exposed to occupational noise in Songjiang District of Shanghai City

  • 摘要:目的】了解上海市松江区噪声作业人群高血压和心电图异常检出情况并分析其影响因素。【方法】 收集2024年用工单位在松江区全部制造业中20165名工作场所接触噪声工人在岗职业健康检查数据,包括基本资料、体格检查、听力、血压和心电图检测。将高血压和心电图异常作为健康损害结局指标,计数资料用频数和构成比(%)描述,采用单因素卡方检验和多因素logistic回归分析探讨高血压和心电图异常的影响因素。【结果】 松江区制造业噪声作业工人高血压和心电图异常检出率分别为22.78% 和13.06%。不同规模、行业类别和经济类型中,微型企业(26.90%,25.29%)、家具制造业(31.01%、31.28%)和内资企业(23.43%,15.57%)作业工人高血压和心电图异常检出率最高;男性、年龄≥60岁和体重指数(BMI)≥24 kg·m-2工人的高血压和心电图异常检出率较高;噪声联合其他危害因素(如高温27.47%、16.87%;苯22.22%、23.46%)比单纯噪声暴露的劳动者高血压(21.40%)和心电图异常(11.60%)检出率高(P<0.01)。相较于通用设备制造业,汽车制造业工人高血压风险较高(OR=1.284,95%CI:1.098~1.501),家具制造业工人心电图异常风险更高(OR=2.615,95%CI:2.014~3.385)。男性、BMI ≥24 kg·m-2 和年龄升高,与高血压、心电图异常有潜在的关联。此外,相对于单纯噪声暴露组,噪声联合其他物理因素暴露组工人的高血压(OR=1.146,95%CI 1.071~1.288)和心电图异常(OR=1.179,95%CI 1.072~1.297)的风险更高;与正常组相比,双耳高频听阈异常组工人高血压和心电图异常风险分别上升21.5%(OR=1.215,95%CI 1.082~1.364)和21.0%(OR=1.210,95%CI 1.006~1.410)。【结论】 不同用人单位类型(经济类型、行业类别、企业规模)和劳动者个体特征(性别、年龄、工龄、BMI、暴露于其他物理因素和双耳高频听阈异常)影响噪声暴露与高血压和心电图异常的关联。用人单位应加强职业性噪声管理,除关注听力系统损伤外,还应关注劳动者血压和心电图异常变化,采取相应干预措施减少噪声作业工人心血管疾病的发生发展。

     

    Abstract: Objective To understand the detection rates of hypertension and abnormal electrocardiogram among the noise-exposed population in Songjiang District of Shanghai City, and to analyze the influencing factors for hypertension and abnormal electrocardiogram. Methods Occupational health examination data, encompassing basic demographic information, physical examinations, audiometric testing, blood pressure measurements, and electrocardiogram (ECG) assessments, were collected from 20,165 noise-exposed workers across all manufacturing industries in Songjiang District in 2024.. Hypertension and abnormal ECG findings were designated as indicators of health impairment. Categorical data were presented as frequencies and percentages (%). Univariate chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with hypertension and abnormal ECG outcomes. Results The detection rates of hypertension and abnormal electrocardiogram among noise-exposed workers in the manufacturing industry in Songjiang District were 22.78% and 13.06% respectively. Among different scales, industry categories and economic types, micro enterprises (26.90%, 25.29%), furniture manufacturing enterprises (31.01%, 31.28%) and domestic-funded enterprises (23.43%, 15.57%) had the highest detection rates of hypertension and abnormal electrocardiogram. The detection rates of hypertension and abnormal electrocardiogram were relatively high among male workers, those aged ≥60 years old and those with a Body Mass Index(BMI) ≥24 kg·m-2. The detection rates of hypertension and abnormal electrocardiogram in workers exposed to noise combined with other hazards such as heat stress (27.47%, 16.87%) and benzene(22.22%, 23.46%) were higher than those exposed to noise alone (21.40%, 11.60%) (P<0.01). Compared to workers in the general equipment manufacturing industry, those in the automotive manufacturing industry had a higher risk of hypertension (OR=1.284, 95%CI 1.098-1.501), and those in the furniture manufacturing industry had a higher risk of abnormal electrocardiogram (OR=2.615, 95%CI 2.014-3.385). Male gender, BMI ≥24 kg·m-2 and advanced age had potential associations with hypertension and abnormal electrocardiogram. In addition, compared to the group exposed to noise alone, the group with noise and other physical factors had a higher risk of hypertension (OR=1.146, 95%CI 1.071-1.288) and abnormal electrocardiogram (OR=1.179, 95%CI 1.072-1.297). Compared to the normal group, the risks of hyperemia and abnormal electrocardiogram in workers with abnormal high-frequency hearing threshold in both ears increased by 21.5% (OR=1.215, 95%CI 1.082-1.364) and 21.0% (OR=1.210, 95%CI 1.006-1.410), respectively. Conclusion Different types of employers (economic type, industry category, enterprise scale) and individual characteristics of workers (gender, age, length of service, BMI, exposure to other physical factors, and abnormal high-frequency hearing threshold in both ears) impacted the association between noise exposure and hypertension/electrocardiogram abnormalities. Employers should enhance the management of occupational noise. Besides focusing on hearing system damage, they should also pay attention to abnormal changes in blood pressure and electrocardiogram of workers, and take corresponding intervention measures to reduce the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases among workers exposed to noise.

     

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