2025年上海市嘉定区江桥镇中小学生脊柱侧弯现况调查

戴臻; 张炳扬; 王晓龙; 彭慧; 阚世峰; 莫瑜洁

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2026.250441

2025年上海市嘉定区江桥镇中小学生脊柱侧弯现况调查

A Cross-Sectional Study on the Prevalence of Scoliosis Among Primary and Secondary School Students in Jiangqiao Town in Jiading District of Shanghai City in 2025

摘要

摘要: 目的了解嘉定区江桥镇中小学生脊柱侧弯筛查检出情况及其影响因素，为儿童青少年脊柱侧弯防治工作提供依据。方法 2025年3月采用分层整群随机抽样方法，随机抽取江桥镇2所中学、3所小学，每个学校以整班为单位随机选取3～4个班，按照GB/T16133—2014《儿童青少年脊柱弯曲异常的筛查》方法开展筛查，并采用自行设计的结构式问卷进行面对面调查（Cronbach’sα=0.730）。结果江桥镇青少年学生脊柱侧弯检出率为12.05%，男、女检出率分别为8.72%、15.88%，且女生明显高于男生(χ²=9.29，P=0.002)；小学生、中学生检出率分别为6.75%、17.31%，中学生检出率高于小学生(χ²=20.31，P＜0.001)。与睡眠不足和读写坐姿不标准的学生相比，睡眠充足和读写坐姿标准学生脊柱侧弯检出率较低，差异有统计学意义(χ²=5.90，P =0.015)和(χ²=5.09，P =0.024)；多因素logistic回归分析显示，女生脊柱侧弯检出率高于男生（OR=1.846）、初中生高于小学生（OR=2.722）。结论嘉定区江桥镇中小学生脊柱侧弯检出率较高，女生和初中生是脊柱侧弯防控需重点关注的人群，需加强脊柱侧弯知识宣教，及早发现和诊断，尽早采取针对性干预措施。

Abstract: Objective To investigate the detection status of scoliosis and its influencing factors among primary and secondary school students in Jiangqiao Town of Jiading District, thereby providing evidence for the prevention and management of scoliosis in children and adolescents. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling was conducted in March 2025. Two middle schools and three primary schools in Jiangqiao Town were randomly selected; within each school, 3-4 entire classes were randomly chosen. Screening was performed in accordance with the criteria specified in GB/T 16133—2014 Screening for Abnormal Spinal Curvature in Children and Adolescents, and a self-designed structured questionnaire was administered to conduct face-to-face surveys (Cronbach’s α = 0.730).. Results The overall detection rate of scoliosis among adolescent students was 12.05%. The detection rates were 8.72% for males and 15.88% for females, with the female rate being significantly higher than the male rate (χ² = 9.29, P = 0.002). For primary and secondary school students, the detection rates were 6.75% and 17.31%, respectively, with the secondary school student rate being significantly higher (χ² = 20.31, P < 0.001). Students with sufficient sleep and standard sitting postures during reading/writing had a significantly lower scoliosis detection rate compared to those with insufficient sleep and non-standard sitting postures （χ²=5.90， P ＝0.015） and（χ²=5.09， P＝0.024）. Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that the detection rate of scoliosis was significantly higher in females than in males (OR = 1.846), and significantly higher in junior high school students than in primary school students (OR = 2.722). Conclusion The scoliosis detection rate among primary and secondary school students in Jiangqiao Town of Jiading District has been relatively high. Girls and junior high school students have been key populations requiring targeted prevention and control efforts. It is imperative to strengthen health education on scoliosis, promote early screening and diagnosis, and implement timely targeted interventions

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