Abstract: Objective To evaluate the public health governance capacity of Jiangsu Province and provide an optimization path for the construction of a "strong, rich, beautiful, and high-quality" new Jiangsu. Methods The data collection methods primarily include the acquisition of 806 policy documents, 658 public information reports, and 148 research literatures related to public health governance capacity in Jiangsu Province from January 1995 to December 2023. Materials were assessed against evaluation criteria for an evaluation standards suitable for public health systems, and strengths and weaknesses were identified. Results The public health governance capability of Jiangsu Province is scored at 738.3 points, ranking 3rd nationally. Women’s healthcare and emergency response field capacities ranked 2^nd nationwide. Jiangsu has exhibited standardized guidance in the political environment, a well-established management mechanism, comprehensive information collection, and scientifically established health targets. However, bottlenecks remain, including an unclear division of responsibilities across organizational departments, an insufficient public-health workforce, the absence of a stable growth mechanism for government funding, and difficulties in promptly identifying public needs. Conclusion Jiangsu’s public-health system is nationally leading, yet several components still lag. Future efforts should consolidate advantages and tackle weaknesses by diversifying content and forms, instituting a stable funding increase mechanism, and clarifying departmental functions, thereby providing solid health support for realizing the "strong, rich, beautiful and high-quality" vision of new Jiangsu.