Abstract: Objective To explore the current status and related factors of the chronic disease management competence of general practitioners in community health service centers in Shanghai. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted from October to December 2024 on 1590 community general practitioners in Shanghai to analyze the current status of chronic disease management competence and explore relevant factors through four dimensions: professional knowledge, professional skills, comprehensive abilities, and professional ethics. Results A total of 1458 valid questionnaires were obtained. The competency score for chronic disease management among general practitioners in Shanghai is 85.09±9.31; The difference in competency scores for chronic disease management among general practitioners with different professional titles (F=3.987, P=0.008) and training satisfaction levels (F=134.204, P=0.008) is statistically significant; Higher professional titles (P＜0.001), types of Western medical practice qualifications (P=0.006), longer years of experience in chronic disease management (P=0.002), and higher satisfaction with chronic disease training (P<0.001) are positively correlated with the competence level of general practitioners in chronic disease management. Conclusion The clinical operation skills, chronic disease management processes, and innovative abilities of general practitioners in Shanghai need to be improved. In the future, attention should be paid to key groups such as low professional titles and traditional Chinese medicine to further enhance the quality of training.