Abstract: Objective To explore the association between stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1) genetic polymorphisms and HIV disease progression in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan province. Methods By means of a case-control study design,frequency of SDF-1 genetic polymorphism was determined and compared between long-term non-progressions(LTNPs) and typical progressions (TPs) of HIV-infected individuals. Results A total of 180 HIV-infected individuals were analyzed. Of them, the frequency of SDF-1 wide type homozygote (GG), heterozygote (GA) and mutated homozygote (AA) was 53.9%, 36.7% and 9.4%, respectively. The frequency of SDF-1 wide type homozygote (GG), heterozygote (GA) and mutated homozygote (AA) was 52.2%, 40.8% and 7.0% among the 142 TPs, and 61.5%, 21.1% and 18.4% among the 38 LTNPs, respectively. The SDF-1 genetic polymorphism was not significantly different by gender, age and ethnicity but by HIV disease progression. LTNPs had a significantly higher frequency of mutated homozygote (AA) than TPs (χ²=4.54, P=0.033), although such difference was no more significant after being controlled for potential confounding effects of gender, age and ethnicity under a multiple logistic regression (OR=2.09, 95%CI:0.60~7.22, P=0.246). Conclusion It is held there is the need for a larger HIV-infected patient cohort and a longer follow-up in Dehong Prefecture of Yunnan Province so as to identify more LTNPs and make definite the association between SDF-1 genetic polymorphism and HIV disease progression.