石水良, 吕磊, 段恬筱, 赵明, 叶亚君, 袁步生, 李宣. 20122020年杭州市临安区诺如病毒感染流行病学特征分析[J]. 上海预防医学, 2022, 34(7): 650-654. DOI: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2022.21613
引用本文: 石水良, 吕磊, 段恬筱, 赵明, 叶亚君, 袁步生, 李宣. 20122020年杭州市临安区诺如病毒感染流行病学特征分析[J]. 上海预防医学, 2022, 34(7): 650-654. DOI: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2022.21613
SHI Shuiliang, LYU Lei, DUAN Tianxiao, ZHAO Ming, YE Yajun, YUAN Busheng, LI Xuan. Epidemiological characteristics of norovirus infection in Linan District of Hangzhou City from 2012 to 2020[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2022, 34(7): 650-654. DOI: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2022.21613
Citation: SHI Shuiliang, LYU Lei, DUAN Tianxiao, ZHAO Ming, YE Yajun, YUAN Busheng, LI Xuan. Epidemiological characteristics of norovirus infection in Linan District of Hangzhou City from 2012 to 2020[J]. Shanghai Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2022, 34(7): 650-654. DOI: 10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2022.21613

20122020年杭州市临安区诺如病毒感染流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of norovirus infection in Linan District of Hangzhou City from 2012 to 2020

  • 摘要:
    目的 分析杭州市临安区2012—2020年诺如病毒感染性疫情流行特征,为制定预防控制措施提供科学依据。
    方法 采用描述性流行病学方法对疫情资料进行分析,描述其流行病学特征,并进行相关因素统计学分析。
    结果 2012—2020年杭州市临安区共报告诺如病毒感染性疫情37起,其中托幼机构8起,小学15起,中学8起,大学2起,其他机构4起,发病人数1 194例,平均罹患率为3.76%;冬、春季节为诺如病毒聚集性高发季节。发病以城区为中心,沿交通线向农村和山区蔓延。传播途径以接触和气溶胶混合传播为主,接触和气溶胶混合传播、接触传播、食源性传播、水源性传播罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ2=186.91,P<0.001)。托幼机构、中小学校、大学等不同场所疫情以托幼机构罹患率(20.72%)最高,大学罹患率(1.62%)最低,不同场所疫情罹患率差异有统计学意义(χ2=980.15,P<0.001)。37起疫情诺如病毒分型以GⅡ型为主(34起,占91.89%),另外3起为GⅠ型。
    结论 杭州市临安区诺如病毒感染性疫情具有明显的高发人群,以及时间,空间、场所分布、流行毒株型别和传播途径的特征,加强预防为主,开展针对性的宣传教育培训,完善应急预案和物资、防控技术储备,启用症状监测系统,及时发现报告,果断采取相应措施,规范处置相关呕吐物和排泄物,严格对场所和环境消杀对疫情防控具有重要意义。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective To determine the epidemiological characteristics of norovirus infections in Lin’an District, Hangzhou City from 2012 to 2020, and provide scientific evidence for improving preventive and control measures.
    Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to characterize the epidemic and conduct statistical analysis to determine related factors.
    Results A total of 37 clustered outbreaks of norovirus infection were reported in Lin’an District of Hangzhou from 2012 to 2020, including 8 outbreaks in kindergartens, 15 ones in elementary schools, 8 ones in middle and high schools, 2 ones in universities, and 4 other ones. The total number of cases with norovirus infection was 1 194, with the average attack rate of 3.76%. The incidence of norovirus was higher in winter and spring. It was also higher in urban areas, followed by suburban and mountainous areas neighbored to traffic lines. Moreover, attack rates differed significantly by transmission routes, including mixed contact and aerosol transmission, contact transmission, food-borne transmission, and water-borne transmission (χ2=186.91,P<0.001). There was significant difference in the incidence among kindergartens, schools, and universities (χ2=980.15,P<0.001). In the 37 outbreaks, norovirus were mainly classified as GⅡ in the 34 ones (accounting for 91.89%), and GⅠ in the remaining 3 ones.
    Conclusion The epidemic of norovirus infection in Lin’an District, Hangzhou City is characterized by certain population, time, space, transmission routes, and strains. It warrants enhanced health education and promotion, preparedness and response plan, syndromic surveillance, early alerting, school closure, and environmental disinfection for further prevention and control of norovirus infection.

     

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