Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between the values of the mosq-ovitrap index and the Breteau index, providing evidences for the proper use and evaluation of these two methods in Qingpu district of Shanghai. Methods The mosquito breeding condition was checked and identified in all the indoor and outside water containers of the four selected areas with various types of environments in the Qingpu district. In addition, a mosquito trap, with 10-15 ml dechlorinated water and round filter papers every 20-25 meters around the surroundings was set, and mosquito eggs were checked and collected after 4 days. Results There were 1 405 valid mosquito traps, 91 of which were positive, had been collected, showing the mosq-ovitrap index of 6.48. A total of 1560 households were investigated, in which 151 containers were positive, showing the Breteau index was 9.68, which was higher than the mosq-ovitrap index, the difference was statistically significant(χ²=10.12,P<0.05). Breteau index reached the highest peak of 23.57 in June. There was significant difference between the values of Breteau index and mosq-ovitrap index(χ²=16.98,P<0.001). The difference between Breteau index and mosq-ovitrap index of households in different environment was also statistically significant (χ²=11.78,P<0.05). Breteau index in Liantang area was the highest, while mosq-ovitrap index in Xianghua area was the highest, the difference was statistically significant (χ²=22.66,P<0.001;χ²=13.35,P<0.001). Conclusion It is more suitable to use Breteau index to investigate Aedes albopictus density in farmer households and poor sanitation areas during the peak periods of Aedes albopictus.