1950—2017年沿海高流行区伤寒、副伤寒流行特征分析

陈奕; 丁克琴; 易波; 王思嘉; 许国章

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2018.18769

1950—2017年沿海高流行区伤寒、副伤寒流行特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in coastal areas of high incidence during 1950-2017

摘要

摘要:
目的探讨东部沿海地区67年间伤寒、副伤寒发病及死亡的长期变化趋势及流行特征。
方法采用回顾性研究，系统分析1950—2017年宁波地区伤寒、副伤寒疫情和暴发数据，用PASW Statistics软件统计分析与模型拟合检验。
结果1950—2017年宁波市累计报告伤寒、副伤寒病例29 583例，发病以20~50岁年龄的青壮年为主；发病呈周期性波动，冬春季为发病高峰，与国内其他地区秋季发病高峰明显不同；暴发疫情以水源和食源性传播为主。
结论宁波属于伤寒、副伤寒历史高流行区，发病与水源污染和居民生食、半生食海鲜的饮食习惯有关。沿海地区加强水源、粪便管理和贝类海产品卫生监管，开展健康宣教、改变居民生活习俗是控制伤寒、副伤寒发病的主要措施。

Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate the long-term trends and epidemiological characteristics of typhoid and paratyphoid in the eastern coastal areas during the past 67 years.
MethodsRetrospective analyses were used to systematically analyze the epidemic data and outbreak data on typhoid and paratyphoid in Ningbo from 1950 to 2017.PASW Statistics 20.0 software was used to calculate the correlation rate and to test the non-linear regression model fitting.
ResultsA total of 29 583 cases of typhoid and paratyphoid were reported from 1950 to 2017 in Ningbo.The cases were mainly adults aged 20-50 years old with obvious regional agglomeration.The onset was periodic with peak incidence in winter and spring, which was significantly different from the other parts of the country with peak incidence in autumn.Outbreaks were mainly based on water and food borne transmission.
ConclusionNingbo is in areas with historic high morbidity of typhoid and paratyphoid.The risk factors are associated with the pollution of water sources and the habits of eating half raw seafood.Strengthening the hygiene supervision of shellfish and the management of water and excreta, conducting health education, and changing the habits of eating half raw seafood are the main measures to control the incidence of typhoid and paratyphoid.

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