Abstract: As one of the top ten causes of death and the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, tuberculosis(TB) remains a major public health concern worldwide.Shanghai has played a leading role in TB control and made many crucial historical contributions to the national TB control strategy.In this article, we discuss and objectively analyze the bottlenecks in the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in Shanghai in the new era, from the aspects of history development, current working background and mechanism, application of novel technologies, multi-sectoral collaboration to social protection.The fight against tuberculosis is facing a new historical turning point, as well as a development opportunity in Shanghai.Persevering in the belief, staying to the mission and making innovative achievement are the solid guarantee for Shanghai to maintain the leading position nationwide and continue to write new chapters of TB control in history.