Abstract: Puberty is the golden time of body stature growth and sex maturity.At the same time, it is also the vital stage of refraction development.Many studies have reported that the onset and development of myopia were associated with growth index such as height, weight, BMI and age of menarche.The increase of hormones in puberty including growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1) and sex steroids is the intrinsic driving force of growth and refractive development.This article reviews the relationship between growth and development indicators and refractive development, and analyses the changes of hormone levels in puberty and the effects of related genes on refractive development, providing clues to explore the etiology and mechanism of myopia.