Abstract: This paper elaborates the achievements, challenges and strategies of the Shanghai Disease Prevention and Control System.Between 2010 and 2017, the proportion of staff members with bachelor′s or higher degrees at the municipal and county level centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) increased by 27.2% and 38.1%, respectively.The total institutional income increased by 189.3% and 108.0%, and the Category A testing projects increased by 1.2% and 87.7%, respectively.Significant improvements were achieved in service provision and disease prevention.The incidence of infectious diseases was at a low level, with the contagious diseases rate declining to 138.93/100 000 in 2017.The Vaccine Immunization Programs were implemented well and the conventional vaccines recipients′ rate was around 99.8%.The ability of the emergency response improved significantly, and the great effects of the comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases were achieved.A disease control information platform of Municipal and County Level CDCs have been established, which covered all business areas.Remaining problems included the decline in the number of staffs (an 11.6% reduction in Shanghai Municipal CDC), the low salary level (the income level of professionals in chronic disease prevention and control was only 42.6% of that for staff of hospitals), the imperfect financing mechanism, the absence of cooperation among departments and others.Scientific plans are expected to be made for Shanghai CDC system, which should be in accordance with the requirements of the development of megacities.The long-term investment mechanism should be established, a high-quality professional team should be retained, and a preventive and cooperative mechanism of "Health for all" should be initiated.