Abstract: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), a new type of persistent organic pollutants, have been detected in various environmental media due to their widespread use.PFASs possess a variety of toxic effects, and the thyroid toxicity is of great concern.Studies suggest that PFASs can interfere with the body′s thyroid hormone levels, thus affecting normal physiological functions, especially growth and development of infants and children.This paper is a review of advances in research of the relation between environmental exposure concentration of PFASs and thyroid hormones levels in population, especially in infants and children, and a large number of literature have shown that PFASs levels in maternal serum or umbilical cord serum are related to thyroid hormone levels in umbilical cord serum or infant blood samples.This phenomenon provides references for exploring the effect and mechanism of PFASs on the level of thyroid hormones among the susceptible population.