2008—2017年上海市某社区户籍居民主要死因及对寿命损失的影响

陈剑锋; 谢震宇; 马斌

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2020.18982

2008—2017年上海市某社区户籍居民主要死因及对寿命损失的影响

Main cause of death and its impact on life loss among registered residents in a community of Shanghai, 2008-2017

摘要

摘要:
目的了解2008—2017年上海市浦东新区高东社区居民的死亡水平、主要死因及其对居民寿命损失和期望寿命的影响，进一步为相关疾病防控提供依据。
方法采用死亡率、潜在减寿年数、期望寿命、去死因期望寿命及疾病对期望寿命的归因等指标，对2008—2017年的人口资料及死亡资料进行回顾性分析。
结果该社区户籍居民≥65岁人口构成比从2008年的14.99%上升至2017年的22.59%；2008—2017年该社区户籍居民的平均粗死亡率为810.06/10万，平均标化死亡率为356.03/10万，男性粗死亡率高于女性(P＜0.05)，2013—2017年的总体和男性粗死亡率均高于2008—2012年(均P＜0.05)。死因顺位前5位占全死因的80.11%，分别是循环系统疾病、肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、损伤和中毒及内分泌、营养和代谢疾病。全死因潜在减寿年数为8 662.00人年，平均减寿年数为2.93人年，潜在减寿率为23.73‰，标化潜在减寿年数为8 053.26人年，标化潜在减寿率为22.06‰。潜在减寿年数(PYLL)最大的死因为肿瘤，平均减寿年数值最大的死因为损伤和中毒。该社区户籍居民2008—2017年的平均期望寿命为83.34岁，去除循环系统及肿瘤2大死因后，期望寿命分别提高5.27和4.11岁，寿命增长率分别为6.32%和4.93%。2008—2017年间对该社区户籍居民期望寿命变化呈负归因的慢性病有糖尿病、心脏病、脑血管病、大肠癌、呼吸系统疾病、食管癌和高血压。
结论高东社区人口老龄化严重，期望寿命已达发达国家水平，慢性非传染性疾病及伤害是高东社区户籍居民的主要致死原因，也是对寿命损失及期望寿命影响最大的疾病。

Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate the status of the death level, the main cause of death and its effect on life loss and life expectancy of the residents in Gaodong Community, Pudong New Area of Shanghai from 2008 to 2017, providing evidence for the prevention and control of diseases and health problems.
MethodsBased on population and death data from 2008 to 2017, retrospective analysis was done on indexes for mortality, potential years of life lost, life expectancy, death expectancy and attribution of disease death and so on.
ResultsThe proportion of residents aged ≥65 years in Gaodong Community increased from 14.99% in 2008 to 22.59% in 2017.The average crude death rate was 810.06/10⁵, the average standardized death rate was 356.03/10⁵, the male crude death rate was higher than female (P < 0.05), the total and male crude death rates between 2013 and 2017 were both higher than the rates between 2008-2012.(P < 0.05).The top five causes of death were circulatory system diseases, tumors, respiratory diseases, injuries and poisoning, endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, which accounted for 80.11% of all death causes.The potential years of life lost (PYLL) for all-cause deaths were 8 662.00 person-years, the average years of life lost (AYLL) were 2.93 years per person, the PYLL rate was 23.73‰, the standardized potential years of life lost (SPYLL) was 8 053.26 person-years, the SPYLL rate was 22.06‰.The top death cause of PYLL was tumors and the top death cause of AYLL was injuries and poisoning.The average life expectancy from 2008 to 2017 was 83.34 years.Life expectancy could be increased by 5.27 and 4.11 years and the life growth rate could be increased by 6.32% and 4.93% respectively after eliminating the circulatory system diseases and tumors.The chronic diseases such as diabetes, heart diseases, cerebrovascular disease, colorectal cancer, respiratory diseases, esophageal cancer and hypertension were found to be negative attribution in the change of life expectancy from 2008 to 2017.
ConclusionThe population is aging seriously and the life expectancy of Gaodong Community is reaching the level of developed countries.Chronic non-communicable diseases and injury are the main causes of death and the main diseases of affecting life expectancy among residents in Gaodong Community.

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