上海市黄浦区家庭口腔健康管理预防学龄前儿童龋病的效果

陈如聿; 王益骏; 胡闻奇; 瞿虹霞; 潘婷婷

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2020.19560

上海市黄浦区家庭口腔健康管理预防学龄前儿童龋病的效果

Effect of family oral health management on prevention of dental caries among preschool children in Huangpu District

摘要

摘要:
目的评价以家庭为单位的口腔健康管理对学龄前儿童的龋病预防效果。
方法选择144户上海市黄浦区常住3岁儿童家庭，随机分为干预组和对照组，每组72户家庭，干预周期为2年。对干预组家庭予以每半年一次的口腔保健指导，包括口腔检查、儿童乳牙涂氟、龋齿充填、以家庭为单位的口腔健康讲座、发放家庭口腔保健宣传册等；对照组家庭予以一年一次的口腔检查。干预结束后由儿童家长填写《儿童口腔健康情况问卷》。
结果在对144名3岁儿童为期2年的口腔监测中，干预1年后对照组龋齿检出率高于干预组(22.22%和9.72%)，差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.19，P < 0.05)；干预2年后龋齿检出率分别为36.11%和12.50%，差异有统计学意义(χ²=10.91，P < 0.01)；且问卷调查结果显示干预组儿童的进食和口腔保健习惯等均优于对照组，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。
结论通过定期、专业的家庭口腔健康管理可有效降低学龄前儿童龋齿检出率，提高学龄前儿童的口腔健康水平。

Abstract:
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of prevention of dental caries in preschool children by family-based oral health management.
Methods A total of 144 families with 3 years old children in Huangpu District were randomly divided equally into intervention group and control group.The intervention period was 2 years.Semi-annual oral health guidance was given to families in the intervention group(including oral examination, children′s deciduous teeth coating with fluoride, dental caries filling, oral health lectures for families, distribution of family oral health brochures, etc.)Families in the control group received annual oral examination.After the intervention, the parents completed their child′s oral health questionnaire.
Results In the 2-year oral monitoring period, the incidence of dental caries in the intervention group and the control group was 9.72% and 22.22%, respectively within one year, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(χ²=4.19, P < 0.05).The incidence of dental caries was 12.50% and 36.11% within two years, and the difference between the two groups was also statistically significant(χ²=10.91, P < 0.01).Result of the questionnaire survey showed that children in the intervention group had better eating and oral health habits than the control group, and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant(P < 0.05).
Conclusion Regular and professional family oral health management can effectively reduce the incidence of dental caries and improve the oral health in preschool children.

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