Abstract: Healthy Shanghai Action (2019－2030) has formulated 18 major special actions, with national fitness campaign included.On the basis of summarizing the latest theoretical achievements of sports promoting health at home and abroad, from the 4 aspects of strengthening national physique, preventing chronic disease, promoting healthy aging and promoting mental health, the article expounds the unique role and value of exercise and fitness in maintaining human health.With regard to the construction goal of Healthy Shanghai, it explores the approach to national fitness promoting national health, proposes the necessity of extensively carrying out national fitness activities, building 2.0 version of national fitness public service system, constructing and perfecting "integration of sports and medicine", strengthening sci-tech leading so as to push forward the deep integration of national fitness and national health and jointly promote the construction of the system engineering of Healthy Shanghai.