北京市房山区2016—2017年鼠类监测结果分析

龚海英; 刘朝辉; 佟颖; 张勇; 刘美德; 曾晓芃

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2020.19962

北京市房山区2016—2017年鼠类监测结果分析

Analysis on the rodents density monitoring data in Fangshan District of Beijing, 2016-2017

摘要

摘要:
目的了解北京市房山区的鼠种类、鼠密度情况及其变化趋势，为制定鼠类防控方案提供依据。
方法2016—2017年，分别在房山区的穆柯寨、仙峰谷、六石路、孤山寨、万景仙沟的原始林区、林缘地带、人类生活区设置监测点，采用夹夜法进行鼠密度监测。
结果2016—2017年共布放鼠夹4 665夹次，捕获鼠类7种共268只, 其中大林姬鼠为优势鼠种，所占比例为31.0%。原始林区(7.29%)及林缘地带(6.10%)的鼠密度均高于人类生活区(2.94%)，差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。2016年鼠密度为6.43%，2017年鼠密度为4.44%，差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。鼠密度受季节影响较大，9月份鼠密度最高(10.7%)。
结论大林姬鼠为房山区的优势种群，并且属于染疫动物，存在鼠疫传播风险，且无论是相较于北京市其他区县还是外省市而言，本地区鼠类密度均处于较高水平，需采取综合性防治措施。

Abstract:
ObjectiveTo understand species, population density, and seasonality of rodents in Fangshan District of Beijing and provide the information for prevention and control of rodents and rodent-borne diseases.
MethodsThe rodents were captured by using the trap at-night method in Mukezhai, Xianfenggu, Liushilu, Gushanzhai, Wanjingxiangou.The rodents pieces were identified and the density was calculated.
ResultsTotally 4 665 traps were placed and 268 rodents were captured during 2016-2017.Among the seven identified species, the proportion of Apodemuspeninsulae was the highest (31.0%).The density of rodents was higher in primary forest area (7.29%) and edge area (6.10%) than in living area (2.94%)(P < 0.05).The density of rodents was 6.43% in 2016, and 4.44% in 2017(P < 0.05).The highest density (10.7%) was found in September.
ConclusionThe rodent species with highest density was Apodemuspeninsulae that can transmit Yersinia pestis.Comprehensive prevention measures should be taken to reduce the rodent density for controlling rodent-borne diseases.

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