上海市某区市售动物性水产品中镉污染及膳食暴露风险评估

李晨晨; 韩东方; 林增; 叶玉龙; 俞丹丹

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2020.20037

上海市某区市售动物性水产品中镉污染及膳食暴露风险评估

Risk assessment of cadmium contamination and dietary exposure in market aquatic products in one district of Shanghai

摘要

摘要:
目的了解上海市某区市售水产品中重金属镉的污染状况，评估居民经由市售水产品的膳食镉暴露风险水平。
方法2018—2019年，采用多阶段抽样方法随机抽取该区11个乡镇/街道农贸市场/超市的动物性水产品397份。按照国家标准进行镉含量检测，利用单因子污染指数(Pi)法评价水产品中镉的污染状况，结合2013年该区居民膳食调查数据，采用点评估法评估居民膳食镉摄入状况，并计算各类水产膳食镉安全限值(MOS)来评价人群镉摄入健康风险。
结果该区397份市售动物性水产品中镉的检出率为75.06%，其中镉超标10份，均为蟹类(2.25%)。397份样品中蟹类、双壳类中镉平均水平P₅₀分别为140.0、90.0 μg/kg，高于虾类、腹足类、海水鱼类的11.0、7.6、3.8 μg/kg(χ²=186.41，P < 0.005)，淡水鱼类中均未检出镉。市售蟹类水产中镉的Pi值为0.280，其余均小于0.100，说明除甲壳蟹类属于轻污染外，其余不同种类的水产品均属于未污染级。该区居民动物性水产品消费量以淡水鱼最高，其次是虾类、海水鱼、蟹类，膳食暴露评估结果显示各类水产MOS均大于1，即通过市售动物性水产摄入镉对居民健康风险可以接受。
结论该区居民通过市售动物性水产品膳食摄入镉风险水平较低，但对市售甲壳蟹类镉污染状况应提高警惕，尽量减少蟹类的摄入，相关部门也应当引起重视，加强监测管理。

Abstract:
ObjectiveTo investigate the status of cadmium contamination in commercially sold aquatic products and to analyze the risk of dietary intake of cadmium among residents in one district of Shanghai.
MethodsMultistage sampling was used to collect 397 animal aquatic products from agricultural markets and supermarkets in 11 communities (townships), the District from 2018 to 2019.Cadmium content was tested according to national standard.The status of cadmium contamination was assessed by single factor pollution index(Pi)method.Risk of dietary intake of cadmium among residents was assessed by point evaluation method in combination with food consumption and dietary survey in 2013 and calculation of safe limits for cadmium in various aquatic diets(MOS).
ResultsThe detection rate of cadmium was 75.06% in the 397 animal aquatic products and the content of cadmium in 10 samples which crabs were totally exceeded the standard, accounting for 2.52%.The average contents of cadmium in crabs, bivalves which were higher than in shrimps(11.0 μg/kg), gastropods(7.6 μg/kg) and marine fish(3.8 μg/kg) were respectively 140.0 μg/kg and 90.0 μg/kg(χ²=186.41, P < 0.005), but no cadmium was detected in freshwater fish.The single factor pollution index(Pi) of crabs was 0.280 which meant light pollution and the Pi of other kinds of aquatic products was respectively under 0.100 that meant no cadmium contamination.The consumption of animal aquatic products was the highest in freshwater fish followed by shrimps, marine fish and crabs.The MOS of every kind of aquatic products is higher than 1 which meant cadmium intake from commercially sold animal products was an acceptable health risk for the population.
ConclusionThe risk level of cadmium intake by residents in the district through commercially sold animal aquatic products is relatively low, but the cadmium pollution status of commercially sold crustacean crabs should be vigilant, and the intake of crabs is advised to be reduced as far as possible.Relevant departments should also pay attention and strengthen monitoring and management in this regard.

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