2011—2018年舟山海岛岱山县新型布尼亚病毒相关病媒生物监测及防控策略研究

王秋景; 李世波; 叶凌; 王璐; 王艳; 杨喆娟; 郑迪; 郑培永

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2020.20074

2011—2018年舟山海岛岱山县新型布尼亚病毒相关病媒生物监测及防控策略研究

Vector biological monitoring and strategy to prevent and control severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (SFTSV) in Daishan Country Zhoushan Islands 2011-2018

摘要

摘要:
目的了解浙江省舟山海岛岱山县新型布尼亚病毒相关病媒生物监测情况，探讨防控策略效果。
方法2012—2014年采用鼠笼法监测鼠形动物；2015—2018年在岱山县有确诊病例的乡镇采用布旗法监测游离蜱密度，采用体表梳检法监测寄生蜱，所有蜱和鼠类标本采用RT-PCR法检测新型布尼亚病毒核酸。2011—2015年，通过流行病学调查，广泛开展健康教育；2016—2018年，实施精准健康教育，化学药剂消杀等综合防控措施。
结果捕获鼠类5种327只，其中臭鼩鼱172只，占52.60%，黄毛鼠92只，占28.13%。捕获蜱类以长角血蜱为主，占94.20%。其中寄生蜱3种135只，为长角血蜱、镰形扇头蜱和微小牛蜱；游离蜱6种382只，为长角血蜱、镰形扇头蜱、血红扇头蜱、卵形硬蜱、粒形硬蜱和中华硬蜱。2015年5—10月野外蜱密度≥50只/布旗，2016年5月—2018年采用化学药剂消杀后，蜱密度≤50只/布旗。所有蜱和鼠类标本经RT-PCR检测新型布尼亚病毒特异核酸均为阴性。经精准健康教育后，农村地区对发热伴血小板减少综合征的知晓率由32.05%提高到83.33%；预判疫情，提前发布疫情预警告知书70余份。2017年起，发热伴血小板减少综合征发病人数逐年下降，2018年仅为8例。
结论该地区野外环境中臭鼩鼱为优势鼠种，长角血蜱为优势蜱类。政府牵头、部门合作、专业机构提供技术服务、健康教育、降低居住环境周边蜱密度、适时发送风险预警告示书等综合防控策略取得一定的防控效果。

Abstract:
ObjectiveTo study the severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome bunyavirus (SFTSV)-related vector biological monitoring in Daishan County, Zhoushan Island of Zhejiang Province, and to explore the prevention and control strategies.
MethodsThe monitoring was conducted as follows:squirrel-cage method was used for rodents from 2012 to 2014;the Buqi method for free tick density in villages and towns with confirmed cases in Daishan County from 2015 to 2018;and body surface comb method for parasitic ticks.RT-PCR method was used to detect SFTSV in ticks and rat specimens.Epidemiological survey followed by extensive health education was conducted from 2011 to 2015.Comprehensive health prevention and control measures, such as precision health education and chemical elimination of vectors were taken from 2016 to 2018.
ResultsA total of 327 rodents were captured, including 172 stinking shrews, accounting for 52.60%, and 92 yellow mice, accounting for 28.13%.The main species of ticks was Haematopsus longicortus, accounting for 94.20%.Among them, there were 135 parasitic ticks in three species:Haematopsus longicorum, S.scallopus, and T.nigra. There were 382 free ticks in 6 species, including Haematopsichum longicorum, Sickle fan tick, Hemophilus fannicus, Ixodes ovaliformis, Ixodes granulata, and Ixodes sinensis.From May to October in 2015, the density of field ticks was ≥50 per cloth flag.From May 2016 to 2018, after the elimination application of chemical agents for elimination, the density of ticks was ≤50 per cloth flag.All ticks and rodent specimens tested by RT-PCR were negative for SFTSV.Since precision education in 2016, the awareness rate of SFTS in rural areas has increased from 32.05% to 83.33%.Approximately 70 early warning notices for the epidemic situation were issued in advance.Since 2017, the number of SFTS has been declining year by year, and only 8 cases occurred in 2018.
ConclusionIn the field environment, chlorothalonil is the dominant mouse species and long horn blood ticks are the dominant ticks.The government leadership, cooperation among departments, technical service provided by professional organization, health education, reduction of tick density in residential environment, timely risk early warning notice, and other comprehensive prevention and control hand strategy all contribute to the achieved result of prevention and control.

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