Abstract: This article summarized the laws and regulations on the prevention and control of infectious diseases, classification of infectious diseases, and measures for the prevention and control of infectious diseases in Japan. Ⅰt focused on the containment of spread of infectious diseases, classification and categorization in the treatment and quarantine. Ⅰn addition, the response to the novel coronavirus pneumonia in the early stage of transmission in Japan was introduced. Moreover, we propose specific suggestions to improve the system of laws and regulations on the prevention and control of infectious diseases in China, improve the classification of infectious diseases, clarify the rights and obligations of governments at all levels, establish medical facilities with"classification and combination of normal and emergency situations"for the treatment of infectious diseases, practice emergency simulation exercises regularly, and improve risk communication.