贵州省典型温泉地区居民骨质疏松风险现状及影响因素分析

杨婷婷; 王子云; 胡瑾; 蒋芝月; 刘丽; 范丽丽; 马欣茹; 汪俊华; 刘海燕; 杨敬源

doi:10.19428/j.cnki.sjpm.2021.21137

贵州省典型温泉地区居民骨质疏松风险现状及影响因素分析

Current status and influencing factors of osteoporosis risk among residents in typical hot spring areas in Guizhou Province

摘要

摘要:
目的了解贵州省典型温泉地区30~65岁居民骨质疏松风险现状及其影响因素，为降低人群骨质疏松风险及骨质疏松的预防提供理论基础。
方法采用贵州典型温泉地区居民健康问卷、骨质疏松症风险一分钟测试题、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(Pittsburgh sleep quality index，PSQI)等对贵州省典型温泉地区3 708名居民进行面对面调查，应用logistic回归分析温泉地区居民骨质疏松风险的影响因素。
结果3 708例被调查者中有2 403(64.81%)例存在骨质疏松风险，1 434名(87.4%)男性有骨质疏松风险，高于女性969人(47.1%)(χ²=652.4，P < 0.001)。随着年龄增加，有骨质疏松风险的居民越多(χ²=273.4，P < 0.001)，30~、40~、≥60岁人群组有骨质疏松风险的人数分别为319(49.2%)、1 572(62.9%)、512(93.6%)。男性骨质疏松风险与本科及以上的文化程度负相关(OR=0.37，95%CI：0.19~0.73)。年龄40岁~(OR=1.54，95%CI：1.07~2.22)、≥60岁(OR=6.39，95%CI：2.76~14.79)及有睡眠障碍(OR=1.59，95%CI：1.08~2.35)可能会增加温泉地区男性居民骨质疏松风险。饮食偏少油可能会增加女性骨质疏松的风险(OR=1.70，95%CI：1.23~2.36)。年龄40岁~(OR=1.54，95%CI：1.17~2.03)、≥60岁(OR=16.24，95%CI：10.10~26.12)及有睡眠障碍(OR=1.84，95%CI：1.48~2.28)与女性骨质疏松风险呈正相关。学历为初中(OR=0.61，95%CI：0.47~0.80)、高中(OR=0.57，95%CI：0.37~0.89)和本科及以上(OR=0.59，95%CI：0.39~0.98)的女性较文盲或半文盲骨质疏松风险低。吸烟、大量饮酒、阳痿性欲减退可能为男性骨质疏松风险的相关因素; 实际年龄 > 60岁、45岁或以前停经、不饮用牛奶且未服用钙补充剂、父母有骨质疏松或骨折可能为女性骨质疏松风险的相关因素。
结论贵州省典型温泉地区30~65岁男性居民骨质疏松风险现状高于女性，应加强对当地居民骨质疏松风险防治知识的健康宣教，提倡健康的生活行为及方式。

Abstract:
ObjectiveTo understand the current status of osteoporosis risk and influencing factors for residents from 30 to 65 years old in typical hot spring areas in Guizhou province, and to provide a theoretical basis for reducing the risk of osteoporosis and the prevention of osteoporosis in the population.
MethodsA health questionnaire for residents in typical hot spring areas in Guizhou, osteoporosis risk test questions, Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI), etc were used. A face-to-face survey of 3 708 residents was conducted, and logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of osteoporosis risk in hot spring areas.
Results2 403(64.81%)residents of 3 708 people surveyed were at risk of osteoporosis, of whom 1 434(87.4%)males and 969 females(47.1%)had a higher risk of osteoporosis (χ²=652.4, P < 0.001). As age increased, more residents were at risk of osteoporosis(χ²=273.4, P < 0.001), and numbers of residents of 30-39 years old, 40-59 years old, and above 60 years of age at risk of osteoporosis were 319(49.2%), 1 572(62.9%), and 512(93.6%). Male osteoporosis risk was negatively correlated with an education level of undergraduate and above(OR=0.37, 95%CI: 0.19-0.73). Age 40-59(OR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.07-2.22), 60 and above(OR=6.39, 95%CI: 2.76-14.79), and sleep disorders(OR=1.59, 95%CI: 1.08-2.35)may increase the risk of osteoporosis in male residents in hot spring areas. Less oil in daily diet may increase the risk of osteoporosis in women(OR=1.70, 95%CI: 1.23-2.36). Age 40-59(OR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.17-2.03), over 60 and above(OR=16.24, 95%CI: 10.10-26.12), and sleep disorders(OR=1.84, 95%CI: 1.48-2.28)were positively correlated with risk of osteoporosis in women. Women with junior high school degree(OR=0.61, 95%CI: 0.47-0.80), high school degree(OR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.37-0.89)and undergraduate degree and above(OR=0.59, 95%CI: 0.39-0.98)had a lower risk of osteoporosis than women who were illiterate or semi-illiterate. The osteoporosis risk test questions showed that smoking, heavy drinking, and erectile dysfunction and reduced sexual desire were the main sources of osteoporosis risk in men. Menopause before the age of 60, ≤45 years old, no milk and no calcium supplements, parents with osteoporosis or bone fractures were the major risk sources of osteoporosis in women.
ConclusionThe risk of osteoporosis among male residents from 30 to 65 years old in typical hot spring areas in Guizhou province is higher than that among women. Education of osteoporosis prevention should be strengthened among local residents to promote healthy behaviors and lifestyles.

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